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Affirmed and Memorandum Opinion filed July 26,=20 2007.

 

In The

 

Fourteenth=20 Court of Appeals

____________

 

NO. 14-06-00549-CV

____________

 

JEFF=20 FORRESTER AND KIM FORRESTER, = Appellants

 

V.

 

EMMANUEL=20 GINN, A&R TRANSPORT, INC., KEITH JACKSON, and STEVE=20 BRANTLEY, = Appellees

 

 

On Appeal from the = 333rd District Court

Harris County, = Texas

Trial Court Cause = No. 04-04581

 

 

M E M O R=20 A N D U M   O P I N I O N

Jeff=20 Forrester and Kim Forrester (Athe=20 Forresters@) bring=20 this restricted appeal following the trial court=3Ds=20 dismissal for want of prosecution.  In their sole issue, the=20 Forresters contend that there is error apparent from the face of = the=20 record stemming from the trial court=3Ds=20 dismissal for want of prosecution.  We affirm the trial=20 court=3Ds=20 judgment.

 

I. =20 Background

In January=20 of 2004, the Forresters filed suit against Emmanuel Ginn, A&R=20 Transport, Inc., Keith Jackson, and Steve Brantley (collectively = referred=20 to as the Aappellees@) for=20 damages resulting from a traffic accident.  The trial court = sent=20 notice dated May 18, 2005 that the case would be dismissed for = want of=20 prosecution unless, by June 27, 2005, either: (1) a judgment was = signed;=20 (2) a trial scheduling order was signed; or (3) a verified motion = to=20 retain was filed.[1] =20 In response, the Forresters filed a verified motion to retain the = case on=20 June 17, 2005.  On June 27, 2005, the trial court signed a=20 type-written order to retain and holographically inserted the = words=20 Afor 60=20 days@ = at the=20 end of the paragraph ordering retention of the case.  The = record does=20 not reflect any further activity other than a motion by the = Forresters to=20 substitute counsel (which was granted), until December 2, 2005 = when the=20 trial court entered an order dismissing the case.  The = Forresters=20 filed notice of restricted appeal in this court on June 2, 2006.[2]

II. =20 Analysis

In their=20 sole issue, the Forresters argue that the trial court erred by = failing to:=20 (1) give notice of its intent to dismiss prior to the December 2, = 2005=20 dismissal; (2) specify what actions needed to be taken to retain = the case=20 prior to the December 2, 2005 dismissal; and (3) give notice when = it=20 dismissed the case on December 2, 2005.  The requirements of = a=20 restricted appeal are (1) a notice of appeal must be filed within = six=20 months of the date of the judgment (2) by a party to the suit (3) = who did=20 not participate in the hearing that resulted in the judgment = complained of=20 and did not timely file a postjudgment motion or request for = findings of=20 fact and conclusions of law, and (4) the error complained of is = apparent=20 from the face of the record.  Tex. R. App. P. 30; = Alexander=20 v. Lynda=3Ds=20 Boutique, 134=20 S.W.3d 845, 848 (Tex. 2004).  The Forresters are parties to = the suit,=20 and they filed their appeal within six months of the date of the=20 judgment.  The parties dispute whether the Forresters = sufficiently=20 participated at trial and whether the errors complained of are = apparent=20 from the face of the record.

A.     =20 Participation at Trial

The=20 appellees argue that the Forresters=3D = filing of=20 their June 17, 2005 motion to retain was sufficient participation = to=20 prevent a restricted appeal.  We disagree.  The = essential=20 inquiry turns on whether the appellant took part in the = Adecision‑making=20 event@ = that=20 resulted in the order adjudicating the appellant=3Ds=20 rights.  Texaco, Inc. v. Cent. Power & Light Co., = 925=20 S.W.2d 586, 589 (Tex. 1996).  We first note that it is not = clear in=20 looking at the record whether there was a hearing involving the = dismissal=20 for want of prosecution.  In support of their contention that = the=20 filing of the June 17, 2005 motion to retain was sufficient = participation,=20 the appellees cite Bowles v. Cook, 894 S.W.2d 65, 68 (Tex.=20 App.CHouston=20 [14th Dist.] 1995, no writ) (holding that the filing of a response = to a=20 summary judgment motion was sufficient participation to bar a writ = of=20 error), and a line of cases applying the Bowles decision in = finding=20 the filing of a motion to retain to be sufficient = participation. =20 See Orr v. Barrett, Burke, Wilson, Castle, Daffin & = Frappier,=20 L.L.P., No. 09‑03‑073-CV, 2004 WL 637898, at *3 = (Tex. App.CBeaumont=20 Apr. 1, 2004, no pet.) (mem. op.) (finding that = appellant=3Ds motion=20 to retain in response to trial court=3Ds notice=20 of intention to dismiss was sufficient participation in the=20 decision-making eventCthe=20 dismissal for want of prosecution);  Bousquet v. = Bokeloh, No.=20 01‑01‑00112‑CV, 2001 WL 780538, at *3 (Tex. = App.CHouston=20 [1st Dist.] July 12, 2001, no pet.) (not designated for = publication)=20 (same).  In the Bowles line of cases, the respective = trial=20 courts ruled against the appellants on the motions (in response to = summary=20 judgment and motion to retain) at issue resulting in the dismissal = of each=20 case.  See Orr, 2004 WL 637898, at *3 (AThe final,=20 appealable order of October 23, 2002, dismissing = plaintiffs=3D = cause for=20 failure to prosecute was a ruling on plaintiffs=3D = Motion to=20 Retain.@);=20 Bousquet, 2001 WL 780538, at *3 (finding that the=20 appellant=3Ds motion=20 to retain Adid not=20 meet the trial judge=3Ds=20 requirements to avoid dismissal@ = thus=20 resulting in dismissal); Bowles, 894 S.W.2d at 68  = (motion for=20 summary judgment granted following the appellant=3Ds filing=20 of his response to the motion for summary judgment).[3] =20 In contrast, the Forresters were granted relief based on = the June=20 17, 2005 motion to retainCthe trial=20 court retained the case on June 27, 2005.  What ultimately = was the=20 decision-making event in this case, the dismissal order, did not = occur=20 until more than five months after the Forresters filed their = motion to=20 retain and the trial court granted that motion.  Because of = this=20 causal gap, we find the Bowles line of cases to be = inapplicable to=20 the facts at hand, and hold that the Forresters=3D = filing of=20 their motion to retain was not sufficient participation in the=20 decision-making event to preclude their restricted appeal. =

B.     =20 Error Apparent on the Face of the Record

The=20 Forresters argue that it is apparent on the face of the record = that the=20 trial court erred in failing to: (1) give notice of its intent to = dismiss=20 prior to the December 2, 2005 dismissal; (2) specify what actions = needed=20 to be taken to retain the case prior to the December 2, 2005 = dismissal;=20 and (3) give notice when it dismissed the case on December 2, = 2005. =20 A court may dismiss a case for want of prosecution under either = Rule 165a=20 or under its common law inherent authority.  = Alexander, 134=20 S.W.3d at 850; Villarreal, 994 S.W.2d at 630.  = Although it is=20 unclear from the record, we will assume arguendo that the trial = court=20 dismissed this case pursuant to Rule 165a as the Forresters = argue.[4]=20

A court=20 must provide notice of its intent to dismiss when dismissing for = want of=20 prosecution under either Rule 165a or its inherent = authority. =20 Villarreal, 994 S.W.2d at 630.  The Forresters simply = point to=20 an absence in the record of any notice of intent to dismiss prior = to the=20 December 2, 2005 order to support their contention that they did = not=20 receive such notice.  The supreme court in Alexander=20 held:

A[T]he fact that the = record is=20 silent about the sending of notices under Rule 165a does not = establish=20 error on the face of the record.  And mere silence as to = whether=20 notice was sent does not establish that notice was not sent or = that it was=20 sent to the wrong address.  Accordingly, when the record does = not=20 reflect whether notice was sent, that is insufficient to establish = reversible error in a restricted appeal proceeding.@

134 S.W.3d=20 at 849-50.  Therefore, the Forresters have not sufficiently = shown=20 error on the face of the record with respect to notice of intent = to=20 dismiss prior to the December 2, 2005 = dismissal.

 =20 Because Rule 165a does not specifically require the trial court to = specify=20 what actions need to be taken prior to dismissal, we construe the=20 Forresters=3D = second=20 sub-issue as complaining that the trial court violated the Rule = 165a(1)=20 hearing requirements.  Rule 165a requires the trial court to = hold a=20 dismissal hearing in which good cause may be shown for the case to = be=20 maintained on the docket.  Tex. R. Civ. P. = 165a(1);=20 Villarreal, 994 S.W.2d at 630.  The Rule also requires = that=20 the parties be notified of the date and place of the hearing with = the=20 notification of intent to dismiss.  Tex. R. Civ. P. = 165a(1);=20 Alexander, 134 S.W.3d at 851.  A trial court may, with = the=20 notice of intent to dismiss, specify what actions can be taken = prior to=20 the dismissal hearing to avoid dismissal.  See Fontenot v. = Brookshire, No. 03‑05‑00378‑CV, 2007 WL = 1711768, at *1 (Tex.=20 App.CAustin=20 June 12, 2007, no pet. h.) (mem. op.) (analyzing trial = court=3Ds notice=20 that the case would be dismissed unless a motion to retain was = filed by a=20 certain date); Clark v. Frantz, No. = 05‑05‑01517‑CV, 2006 WL=20 3028964, at *1 (Tex. App.CDallas=20 Oct. 26, 2006, no pet.) (mem. op.) (finding no abuse of discretion = where=20 trial court sent notice of intent to dismiss unless a motion to = retain was=20 filed within 15 days of such notice); Britton v. Aimco = Sandalwood=20 L.P., No. 14‑04‑00985‑CV, 2005 WL 3359711, = at *1 (Tex.=20 App.CHouston=20 [14th Dist.] Dec. 6, 2005, pet. denied) (mem. op.) (finding no = error with=20 respect to trial court=3Ds notice=20 that case would be dismissed unless certain actions were taken by=20 appellant).  However, it is not required to do so.  = See=20 Tex. R. Civ. P. = 165a. =20 As mentioned earlier, the record is silent as to whether notice of = intent=20 to dismiss was sent to the parties prior to the December 2, 2005=20 dismissal.  The record is also silent as to whether notice of = a=20 dismissal hearing, which likely would have been included with = notice of=20 intent to dismiss, was given.  Furthermore, the record is = silent as=20 to whether a hearing was held prior to dismissal.  As a = result, it is=20 not apparent from the face of the record that a dismissal hearing = was not=20 held or that notice of that hearing was not provided.  See = Alexander, 134 S.W.3d at 849-50 (A[T]he fact=20 that the record is silent about the sending of notices under Rule = 165a=20 does not establish error on the face of the record.@); Gold=20 v. Gold, 145 S.W.3d 212, 213 (Tex. 2004) (finding no error = apparent on=20 the face of the record where the record was silent as to whether = notice=20 was sent to appellant).

The=20 Forresters also argue that it is apparent on the face of the = record that=20 the trial court erred in failing to give them notice of the = December 2,=20 2005 dismissal order.  Once a dismissal order is signed, = notice of=20 that order must immediately be given to the parties.  Tex R. Civ. P. 165a(1); = 306a(3).  The Forresters contend that if any notice was = given, it was=20 mailed to the incorrect address.  As support for this = contention, the=20 Forresters rely on a Acomputer=20 printout@ = purportedly from the trial court=3Ds=20 clerk=3Ds office=20 and an affidavit by their counsel stating he had not received = notice and=20 any notice, if given, was sent to the wrong address. =20 Alexander made clear that such extrinsic evidence cannot be = considered in a restricted appeal.  134 S.W.3d at 848 = (quoting=20 Gen. Elec. Co. v. Falcon Ridge Apartments, Joint Venture, = 811=20 S.W.2d 942, 944 (Tex. 1991) (AThe rule=20 has long been that evidence not before the trial court prior to = final=20 judgment may not be considered in a writ of error proceeding . . . = .@)). =20 If such evidence is necessary, it should be presented in a motion = for new=20 trial or a bill of review.  Id.  The record here = is void=20 of any indication as to whether notice was given of = dismissal. =20 Consequently, the Forresters have failed to show error apparent on = the=20 face of the record.   See Alexander, 134 S.W.3d = at=20 849-50; Gold, 145 S.W.3d at 213.

We=20 appreciate the difficult task an appellant faces when claiming in = a=20 restricted appeal that no notice was given or that a hearing was = not=20 held.  In bringing such a claim, the appellant is required to = offer=20 some affirmative evidence that such procedure was not taken; = however, the=20 essential nature of the claimCthat a=20 procedure was not complied withCimplies=20 that the record will normally be void of evidence affirmatively = proving=20 its truth.  For this reason, a restricted appeal is often not = the=20 optimal vehicle to bring such arguments.  A motion for new = trial or=20 bill of review are more appropriate procedures because extrinsic = evidence=20 can be offered to affirmatively prove that the procedure did not=20 occur.  See General Electric, 811 S.W.2d at 944 = (explaining=20 why a bill of review or a motion for new trial are the appropriate = means=20 of raising issues which rely on extrinsic evidence).  = Alternatively,=20 if a litigant insists on pursuing a restricted appeal, an = advisable=20 strategy might be to request the notice allegedly not given or the = record=20 of the hearing allegedly not had as part of the = appellant=3Ds record=20 request from the trial court.  If the notice was in fact not = given=20 (or the hearing not had), then the record may reflect such a = defect on its=20 face in the form of a notation from the trial court clerk that = such a=20 document was unavailable.  Regardless of the method, the law = is clear=20 that there must be some evidence of error on the face of the = record alone,=20 without the supplementation of extrinsic evidence, in order to = bring a=20 restricted appeal.  The Forresters have failed to show such=20 evidence.  We overrule their sole issue. 

We affirm=20 the trial court=3Ds=20 judgment.

 

 

 

 

 

/s/     =20 Adele Hedges

Chief = Justice

 

 

 

 

Judgment=20 rendered and Memorandum Opinion filed July 26, 2007.

Panel=20 consists of Chief Justice Hedges and Justices Hudson and=20 Guzman.

  =20

 

 


[1]  While this notice of intent to = dismiss is=20 not in the record, the record reflects that the Forresters = requested such=20 notice.  The Forresters have attached a copy of the notice to = their=20 appellate brief, and the appellees acknowledge the contents of = that notice=20 in their brief.

[2]  The Forresters allege that the = six month=20 delay between the order dismissing the case and the filing of = their=20 restricted appeal was due to the fact that neither they nor their = attorney=20 received notice of dismissal until some five months after the = order was=20 issued when their attorney allegedly contacted the trial = court=3Ds clerk=3Ds office. 

[3]  To the extent that the = Bousquet and=20 Orr courts rely on Bowles for the proposition that a = motion=20 to retain alone, without an opportunity to be heard at an oral = hearing,=20 can be sufficient participation to preclude a restricted appeal, = we=20 disagree.  See Orr, 2004 WL 637898, at *3 (finding = that=20 appellant participated at trial where appellant filed a motion to = retain=20 and trial court dismissed the case without holding a hearing = because the=20 motion to retain was Ainadequate@); Bousquet, 2001 WL 780538, at = *3=20 (holding, without mention of a hearing held in the trial court to = decide=20 issue of dismissal, that appellant participated at trial where he = filed a=20 motion to retain).  Bowles was decided in the context = of a=20 summary judgment proceeding, where an oral hearing on a motion for = summary=20 judgment is not required, and the disposition of the summary = judgment is=20 decided on the written pleadings and evidence.  Tex. R. Civ. P. = 166a8; Martin v. Martin, Martin & = Richards,=20 Inc., 989 S.W.2d 357, 359 (Tex. 1998).  In that = situation, a=20 motion or response to a motion for summary judgment would be = directly=20 involved in the decision-making event, as the court makes its = decision=20 based solely on those written pleadings.  In the context of a = dismissal for want of prosecution, however, the court is required = to give=20 the parties an opportunity to be heard at an oral hearing and = allow the=20 parties to present evidence at that hearing.  Tex. R. Civ. P. 165a;=20 Villarreal v. San Antonio Truck & Equip., 994 S.W.2d = 628, 630=20 (Tex. 1999); Brown v. Brookshires Grocery Store, 10 S.W.3d = 351, 354=20 (Tex. App.CDallas 1999, pet. denied); see also = Franklin v.=20 Sherman Indep. Sch. Dist., 53 S.W.3d 398, 402‑03 (Tex.=20 App.CDallas 2001, pet. denied) (holding that = error=20 stemming from the lack of a hearing before dismissal can be cured = by a=20 post-dismissal hearing on a motion to reinstate).  The = disposition of=20 a dismissal for want of prosecution is determined by the evidence=20 presented at that hearing, rather than by any motions filed prior = to that=20 hearing.  See Tex. R.=20 Civ. P. 165a; Villareal, 994 S.W.2d at 630.  = But see=20 Alexander, 134 S.W.3d at  852 (finding no error where the = trial=20 court dismissed the case without a hearing because notice of the = hearing=20 was given and the plaintiff failed to attend the hearing).  = We=20 believe, therefore, that the filing of a motion to retain alone, = without=20 an opportunity to participate in a hearing, does not constitute = sufficient=20 participation in the decision-making eventCthe dismissalCto prevent a restricted appeal.  =

 

[4]  The May 18, 2005 notice of intent = attached=20 to the Forresters brief states that this Acase is eligible for dismissal for want = of=20 prosecution because it has been on file for more than eighteen = months and=20 is not set for trial.@  Rule 165a(2) states that any case = not=20 disposed of within the time standards promulgated by the supreme = court may=20 be placed on the dismissal docket.  Tex. R. Civ. P. = 165a(2). =20 The current time standard promulgated by the supreme court is = eighteen=20 months.  Tex. R. = Jud. Admin.=20 6(b)(1), reprinted in Tex. Gov=3Dt = Code, tit. 2, subtit. F app.  The order = of=20 dismissal itself does not specify its reasons or under what = authority the=20 trial court dismissed the case (Rule 165a or inherent = authority). =20 Therefore, it appears that dismissal was pursuant to Rule=20 165a(2).   =20

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