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    <TD class=3DTextSmall><A class=3DTextSmall=20
      href=3D"mailto:?subject=3DAn opinion from the Texas Judiciary =
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      <DIV class=3DSection1>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal><B><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt">Affirmed =
and=20
      Memorandum Opinion filed May 31, 2007.</SPAN></B></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: =
13pt"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center" =
align=3Dcenter><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt">In The</SPAN></B></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center" =
align=3Dcenter><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt"></SPAN></B>&nbsp;</P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center" =
align=3Dcenter><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 18pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'EngrvrsOldEng Bd =
BT'">Fourteenth=20
      Court of Appeals</SPAN></B></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center" =
align=3Dcenter><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">____________</SPAN></B></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center" =
align=3Dcenter><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti"></SPAN></B>&nbsp;</P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center" =
align=3Dcenter><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Shruti">NO. <A=20
      name=3Da4>14-05-00740-CV</A></SPAN></B></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center" =
align=3Dcenter><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">____________</SPAN></B></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center" =
align=3Dcenter><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti"></SPAN></B>&nbsp;</P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center" =
align=3Dcenter><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Shruti">IN THE INTEREST OF =
A.A.M. AND=20
      C.E.M.<I>, </I>Minor Children</SPAN></B></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center" =
align=3Dcenter><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti"></SPAN></B>&nbsp;</P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"LINE-HEIGHT: 2.85pt; TEXT-ALIGN: =
center"=20
      align=3Dcenter><SPAN=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-TOP: 0px; Z-INDEX: -2; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: =
96px; WIDTH: 624px; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 4px"><IMG=20
      height=3D4 src=3D"" width=3D624></SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center" =
align=3Dcenter><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Shruti"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center" =
align=3Dcenter><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Shruti">On Appeal from the =
<A=20
      name=3Da7>257th District</A> Court</SPAN></B></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center" =
align=3Dcenter><A=20
      name=3Da8><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">Harris</SPAN></B></A><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Shruti"> County, =
Texas</SPAN></B></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center" =
align=3Dcenter><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Shruti">Trial Court Cause =
No. <A=20
      name=3Da9>03-00158</A></SPAN></B></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center" =
align=3Dcenter><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti"></SPAN></B>&nbsp;</P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"LINE-HEIGHT: 2.85pt; TEXT-ALIGN: =
center"=20
      align=3Dcenter><SPAN=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-TOP: 0px; Z-INDEX: -1; LEFT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: =
96px; WIDTH: 624px; POSITION: absolute; HEIGHT: 4px"><IMG=20
      height=3D4 src=3D"" width=3D624></SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: center" =
align=3Dcenter><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: Shruti"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 7.35pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
center"=20
      align=3Dcenter><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 14pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">M E M O R=20
      A N D U M&nbsp;&nbsp; O P I N I O N</SPAN></B></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 6.8pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: =
150%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">This is an=20
      appeal from the trial court</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">s order=20
      transferring the right to designate the primary residence of the =
minor=20
      children A.A.M. and C.E.M. from their mother, appellant Cynthia =
Moore=20
      n/k/a Cynthia Williams, to their father, appellee James =
Moore.&nbsp; We=20
      affirm the trial court</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">s=20
      judgment.</SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 6.8pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
center"=20
      align=3Dcenter><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase; LINE-HEIGHT: =
150%">I.&nbsp;=20
      Factual and Procedural Background</SPAN></B></P></DIV><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times =
New Roman'"><BR=20
      style=3D"PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: auto" clear=3Dall></SPAN></B>
      <DIV class=3DSection2>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 6.8pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: =
150%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">On December 4, 2003, =
the trial=20
      court signed an agreed decree of divorce ending the Moore=20
      marriage.&nbsp;&nbsp; Pursuant to the agreed decree, Cynthia and =
James=20
      were appointed joint managing conservators of their two children, =
A.A.M.=20
      and C.E.M..&nbsp; Cynthia was given the right to determine the=20
      children</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s primary =
residence.&nbsp; The=20
      decree included a standard possession order and ordered James to =
pay child=20
      support in the amount of $150 per month.</SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 6.8pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: =
150%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">Only a few months =
later, on=20
      February 20, 2004, Cynthia filed a filed a petition to modify the=20
      parent-child relationship, alleging that there had been a material =
and=20
      substantial change in circumstances since the date of the divorce =
and=20
      sought an increase in child support.&nbsp; James filed a general =
denial=20
      and a counter-petition in which he asked the trial to court to =
grant him=20
      the right to designate the children</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s primary residence =
and order=20
      Cynthia to pay child support.&nbsp; James</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s pleadings included =
a request=20
      for temporary orders and were supported by an affidavit in =
accordance with=20
      Texas Family Code section 156.102.&nbsp; <I>See </I><SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase">Tex. Fam. Code Ann.</SPAN> =
</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">'</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">&nbsp;156.102 (Vernon =
Supp.=20
      2006) (governing suits to modify the designation of the person =
having the=20
      exclusive right to designate the primary residence of a child =
filed within=20
      one year of a previous designation).</SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 6.8pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: =
150%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">After a three-day =
hearing, the=20
      trial court issued a temporary order transferring the right to =
designate=20
      the primary residence of the children from Cynthia to James and =
ordered=20
      Cynthia to pay child support.&nbsp; A nonjury trial on the merits =
began on=20
      April 1, 2005.</SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">A large portion of =
the=20
      testimony at trial centered around the many arguments and disputes =
that=20
      James and Cynthia had when transferring possession of the =
children.&nbsp;=20
      These disputes were typically verbal and often within earshot of =
the=20
      children.&nbsp; For instance, James testified that the first such =
incident=20
      occurred in December 2003, shortly after he moved into an =
apartment=20
      following the divorce.&nbsp; He testified that Cynthia showed up =
at the=20
      apartment while the children were inside and began yelling and =
cursing at=20
      him about his recent move.&nbsp; According to James, the children =
were=20
      afraid and skittish after this incident.&nbsp; </SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">James also testified =
that in=20
      May 2004, Cynthia slapped him and hit him in the back of the head =
because=20
      she believed he was fifteen minutes late returning the =
children.&nbsp;=20
      According to James, he had arrived at Cynthia</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s home to return the =
children=20
      at 6:00 p.m. as required, but Cynthia was not there, so he =
returned=20
      fifteen minutes later.&nbsp; James filed a police report =
concerning this=20
      incident, but charges were not filed.&nbsp; </SPAN></P></DIV><SPAN =

      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times =
New Roman'"><BR=20
      style=3D"PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: auto" clear=3Dall></SPAN>
      <DIV class=3DSection3>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">James further =
testified that=20
      while he was returning the children on Father</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s Day of 2004, he was =

      physically attacked</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">C</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">in the =
children</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s =
presence</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">C</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">by Cynthia or by=20
      Cynthia</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s mother or =
sister.&nbsp; The=20
      incident left a scratch on James</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s neck that was =
photographed=20
      and admitted as evidence at trial.&nbsp; According to James, this=20
      altercation lasted nearly two hours.&nbsp; He testified that he =
could not=20
      leave the premises on this occasion because Cynthia</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s sister blocked his =
truck with=20
      her vehicle.&nbsp; Cynthia offered the testimony of her =
brother-in-law,=20
      Sheriff Dwayne Benn, that none of the four visitation exchanges he =

      witnessed were confrontational.&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">James also testified =
that in=20
      May 2004, the children told him that Cynthia had moved from her =
home at=20
      404 San Jacinto to a new home.&nbsp; James testified that Cynthia =
did not=20
      inform him of this move until June 2004, and instead continued to =
transfer=20
      possession of the children at the 404 San Jacinto residence during =
May and=20
      June.&nbsp; Although Cynthia admitted she initially did not inform =
James=20
      that she had sold the home at 404 San Jacinto, she contends the =
sale=20
      occurred in July 2004, and testified she did not give James notice =
of the=20
      move because the children were in his possession that =
month.</SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">Regarding the=20
      children</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s safety and welfare, =
James=20
      testified that he observed and videotaped the children being left =
alone at=20
      Horace Williams</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s<A title=3D""=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.14thcoa.courts.state.tx.us/opinions/htmlopinion.asp?Op=
inionId=3D83465#_ftn1"=20
      name=3D_ftnref1><SPAN class=3DMsoFootnoteReference><SUP><SPAN=20
      class=3DMsoFootnoteReference><SUP><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt">[1]</SPAN></SUP></SPAN></SUP></SPAN></A> =

      apartment.&nbsp; It is undisputed that Williams has a prior felony =

      conviction for possession of marijuana; however, the conviction is =

      twenty-five years old.&nbsp; Cynthia admitted that the children =
were left=20
      alone in Williams</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s apartment for ten =
minutes on=20
      occasions when Williams needed to go to work and Cynthia had yet =
to return=20
      to the apartment.&nbsp; James also observed and videotaped Cynthia =
leaving=20
      the children at a swimming pool without parental supervision; =
Cynthia=20
      testified that she had asked another woman at the pool to watch =
the=20
      children while she went to the bathroom.&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
      </SPAN></P></DIV><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times =
New Roman'"><BR=20
      style=3D"PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: auto" clear=3Dall></SPAN>
      <DIV class=3DSection4>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">James also offered =
more=20
      specific testimony concerning the children</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s physical and =
emotional=20
      well-being.&nbsp; According to James, he learned that A.A.M. had =
told=20
      Cynthia that she wanted to live with her father, and Cynthia had =
responded=20
      by hitting A.A.M. in the mouth. James testified that after this =
incident=20
      he decided to take the children to counseling.&nbsp; When the =
children=20
      began living with James, they began counseling sessions with Carol =

      Stevens,<A title=3D""=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.14thcoa.courts.state.tx.us/opinions/htmlopinion.asp?Op=
inionId=3D83465#_ftn2"=20
      name=3D_ftnref2><SPAN class=3DMsoFootnoteReference><SUP><SPAN=20
      class=3DMsoFootnoteReference><SUP><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt">[2]</SPAN></SUP></SPAN></SUP></SPAN></A> =
a=20
      licensed professional counselor and social worker.</SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">Stevens testified =
that by the=20
      time of trial she had seen each child ten times.&nbsp; According =
to=20
      Stevens, the children told her things which caused her to be =
concerned for=20
      their emotional well-being, but not their physical safety, when =
they were=20
      with their mother.&nbsp; Specifically, she said that Cynthia =
questioned=20
      A.A.M. at length about her desire to live with her father.&nbsp; =
Stevens=20
      also echoed James</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s testimony about an =
incident=20
      in which Cynthia struck A.A.M., reopening a prior wound to her =
lip, and=20
      threw C.E.M. onto a sofa.&nbsp; Ms. Stevens contacted Child =
Protective=20
      Services after she learned of these allegations.&nbsp; Cynthia =
denied=20
      slapping A.A.M. on the face or throwing C.E.M.&nbsp; CPS concluded =
that=20
      the risk factors to the children were controlled and closed its=20
      investigation.</SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">On April 29, 2005, =
the trial=20
      court found that a modification was in the best interest of the=20
      children.&nbsp; Accordingly, it entered an order transferring to =
James the=20
      exclusive right to establish the primary residence of the children =
and=20
      requiring Cynthia to pay child support and provide medical =
support.&nbsp;=20
      No findings of fact were requested or entered, and Cynthia timely =
filed a=20
      notice of appeal. </SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
center"=20
      align=3Dcenter><B><SPAN style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: =
150%">II.&nbsp;=20
      <SPAN style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase">Issues=20
      Presented</SPAN></SPAN></B></P></DIV><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times =
New Roman'"><BR=20
      style=3D"PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: auto" clear=3Dall></SPAN>
      <DIV class=3DSection5>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">In her first issue, =
Cynthia=20
      challenges the legal and factual sufficiency of the evidence to =
support=20
      the trial court</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s implied findings =
that (a) the=20
      children</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s living environment =
with her=20
      had a detrimental effect on the their emotional welfare, and (b) =
the best=20
      interests of the children required a change in the terms of the =
joint=20
      managing conservatorship.<A title=3D""=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.14thcoa.courts.state.tx.us/opinions/htmlopinion.asp?Op=
inionId=3D83465#_ftn3"=20
      name=3D_ftnref3><SPAN class=3DMsoFootnoteReference><SUP><SPAN=20
      class=3DMsoFootnoteReference><SUP><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: =
13pt">[3]</SPAN></SUP></SPAN></SUP></SPAN></A>&nbsp; In=20
      her second issue, Cynthia contends that the trial court had =
</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">A</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">insufficient =
information for a=20
      proper exercise of discretion.</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">@</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"> </SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
center"=20
      align=3Dcenter><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase; LINE-HEIGHT: =
150%">III.&nbsp;=20
      Analysis</SPAN></B></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase; LINE-HEIGHT: =
150%">A.&nbsp;=20
      Standards of Review</SPAN></B></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">Because the =
sufficiency of the=20
      evidence and abuse of discretion standards of review often overlap =
in=20
      family law cases, appellate courts employ a hybrid analysis. =
<I>&nbsp;In=20
      re D.S.</I>, 76 S.W.3d 512, 516 (Tex. App.</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">C</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">Houston [14th Dist.] =
2002, no=20
      pet.).&nbsp; Under the overarching standard, the question of=20
      conservatorship of a child is left to the sound discretion of the =
trial=20
      court when it sits as trier of fact.&nbsp; <I>Zeifman v. =
Michels</I>, 212=20
      S.W.3d 582, 587 (Tex. App.</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">C</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">Austin 2006, pet.=20
      denied).&nbsp; The trial court is in the best position to observe =
the=20
      demeanor and personalities of the witnesses and can </SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">A</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">feel</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">@</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"> the forces, powers, =
and=20
      influences that cannot be discerned by merely reading the record.=20
      <I>&nbsp;Id.</I> </SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">&nbsp;</SPAN></P></DIV><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti"><BR=20
      style=3D"PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: auto" clear=3Dall></SPAN>
      <DIV class=3DSection6>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">Within=20
      this overarching standard, we engage in a two&#8209;pronged =
inquiry to determine=20
      whether the trial court (1) had sufficient information on which to =

      exercise its discretion, and (2) erred in its application of =
discretion.=20
      <I>&nbsp;See id</I>. at 588.&nbsp; The traditional sufficiency =
review=20
      comes into play with regard to the first question, and those =
standards are=20
      discussed <I>infra</I>. <I>&nbsp;See id.&nbsp; </I>With regard to =
the=20
      second question, we determine whether, based on the elicited =
evidence, the=20
      trial court made a reasonable decision.&nbsp; <I>Id</I>.&nbsp; =
Stated=20
      inversely, the appellate court must conclude that the trial=20
      court</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">s decision=20
      was neither arbitrary nor unreasonable.&nbsp; <I>Id.</I>&nbsp; =
Thus, we=20
      resolve the second question by determining whether the trial=20
      court</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">s findings=20
      constitute an abuse of discretion.</SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">Because=20
      our inquiry both begins and ends with the abuse of discretion =
standard, we=20
      begin by describing this standard of review, and then discuss the =
legal=20
      and factual sufficiency standards of review that pertain to the =
question=20
      of whether the trial court had sufficient information on which to =
exercise=20
      its discretion.&nbsp; We then set forth the law governing the =
modification=20
      at issue before analyzing appellant</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">s issues.=20
      </SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; =
TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B><I><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: =
150%">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
      Abuse of Discretion</SPAN></I></B></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">A trial =
court</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s order modifying a =
joint=20
      managing conservatorship will not be disturbed on appeal unless =
the=20
      complaining party can show a clear abuse of discretion.<I>&nbsp; =
Gillespie=20
      v. Gillespie</I>, 644 S.W.2d 449, 451 (Tex. 1982).&nbsp; The test =
for=20
      abuse of discretion is whether the trial court acted in an =
arbitrary and=20
      unreasonable manner, or whether it acted without reference to any =
guiding=20
      principles.&nbsp; <I>Downer v. Aquamarine Operators, Inc.</I>, 701 =
S.W.2d=20
      238, 242 (Tex. 1985), <I>cert. denied</I>, 476 U.S. 1159, 106 S. =
Ct. 2279,=20
      90 L. Ed. 2d 721 (1986). The fact that a trial court may decide a =
matter=20
      within its discretionary authority in a different manner from an =
appellate=20
      court in a similar circumstance does not demonstrate an abuse of=20
      discretion.&nbsp; <I>Downer</I>, 701 S.W.2d at 241</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">B</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">42.&nbsp; Thus, an =
abuse of=20
      discretion does not occur as long as some evidence of a =
substantive and=20
      probative character exists to support the trial court</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s decision.=20
      <I>&nbsp;Id.</I></SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
      </SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; =
TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B><I><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: =
150%">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
      Legal Sufficiency</SPAN></I></B></P></DIV><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times =
New Roman'"><BR=20
      style=3D"PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: auto" clear=3Dall></SPAN>
      <DIV class=3DSection7>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">Because the appellant =
attacks=20
      the legal sufficiency of an adverse finding on an issue on which =
she did=20
      not have the burden of proof, she must demonstrate on appeal that =
there is=20
      no evidence to support the adverse finding.&nbsp; <I>See Croucher =
v.=20
      Croucher</I>, 660 S.W.2d 55, 58 (Tex. 1983).&nbsp; The evidence is =
legally=20
      insufficient only if (1) the record discloses a complete absence =
of=20
      evidence of a vital fact, (2) the court is barred by rules of law =
or of=20
      evidence from giving weight to the only evidence offered to prove =
a vital=20
      fact, (3) the evidence offered to prove a vital fact is no more =
than a=20
      mere scintilla, or (4) the evidence establishes conclusively the =
opposite=20
      of a vital fact.&nbsp; <I>Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Co. v. =
Martinez</I>, 977=20
      S.W.2d 328, 334 (Tex. 1998).&nbsp; In determining whether there is =
legally=20
      sufficient evidence to support the trial court</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s exercise of =
discretion, we=20
      consider evidence and inferences favorable to the finding if a =
reasonable=20
      factfinder could, and disregard evidence contrary to the finding =
unless a=20
      reasonable factfinder could not.&nbsp; <I>City of Keller v. =
Wilson</I>,=20
      168 S.W.3d 802, 828 (Tex. 2005).</SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; =
TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B><I><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: =
150%">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
      Factual Sufficiency</SPAN></I></B></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">In analyzing a =
challenge to the=20
      factual sufficiency of the evidence, we examine the entire record =
to=20
      determine if the trial court</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s finding is so =
against the=20
      great weight and preponderance of the evidence as to be manifestly =

      unjust.&nbsp; <I>See Manon v. Tejas Toyota, Inc.</I>, 162 S.W.3d =
743,=20
      752</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">B</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">53 (Tex. =
App.</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">C</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">Houston [14th Dist.] =
2005, no=20
      pet.).&nbsp; In an appeal from a bench trial, findings of fact are =
the=20
      equivalent of jury answers to special issues.&nbsp; <I>Lindsey v.=20
      Lindsey</I>, 965 S.W.2d 589, 591 (Tex. App.</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">C</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">El Paso 1998, no =
pet.).=20
      &nbsp;When findings of fact and conclusions of law are not =
properly=20
      requested and none are filed, the judgment of the trial court must =
be=20
      affirmed if it can be upheld on any legal theory that finds =
support in the=20
      evidence.&nbsp; <I>Reach Group, L.L.C., v. Angelina Group</I>, 173 =
S.W.3d=20
      834, 837 (Tex. App.</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">C</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">Houston [14th Dist.] =
2005, no=20
      pet.).&nbsp; In the absence of findings and conclusions, the =
judgment of=20
      the trial court implies all necessary fact findings in support of =
the=20
      judgment.&nbsp; <I>Holt Atherton Indus., Inc. v. Heine</I>, 835 =
S.W.2d 80,=20
      83</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">B</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">84 (Tex. 1992).&nbsp; =
As the=20
      reviewing court, we cannot substitute our conclusions for those of =
the=20
      trial court if there is sufficient competent evidence of probative =
force=20
      to support the trial court</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s findings.&nbsp; =
<I>See id.=20
      </I></SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; =
TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B><I><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: =
150%">4.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
      Governing Law</SPAN></I></B></P></DIV><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti"><BR=20
      style=3D"PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: auto" clear=3Dall></SPAN>
      <DIV class=3DSection8>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">A trial court may =
modify an=20
      order that provides for the appointment of a conservator of a =
child if=20
      modification would be in the best interest of the child.&nbsp; =
<SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase">Tex. Fam.Code Ann.</SPAN> =
</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">''</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"> 156.101, 153.002 =
(Vernon=20
      2006); <I>In the Interest of V.L.K.</I>, 24 S.W.3d 338, 342 (Tex. =
2000).=20
      </SPAN>&nbsp;<SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">In=20
      addition to this primary requirement, the circumstances of the =
child, a=20
      conservator, or other party affected by the existing order must =
have=20
      materially and substantially changed since the rendition of the =
order=20
      before a modification will be warranted.&nbsp; <I>See </I><SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase">Tex. Fam.Code Ann.</SPAN> =
</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">'</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Shruti"> =
156.101=20
      (Vernon 2006).</SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">In=20
      determining the child</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">s best=20
      interest, courts may consider, <I>inter</I> <I>alia</I>: =
</SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; =
TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">(a)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
      the desires of the child, </SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; =
TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">(b)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
      the emotional and physical needs of the child now and in the =
future,=20
      </SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; =
TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: =
150%">(c)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
      the emotional and physical danger to the child now and in the =
future,=20
      </SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; =
TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">(d)=20
      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; the parental abilities of the =
individuals=20
      seeking custody, </SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; =
TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: =
150%">(e)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
      the programs available to assist these individuals to promote the =
best=20
      interest of the child, </SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; =
TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: =
150%">(f)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
      the plans for the child by these individuals or by the agency =
seeking=20
      custody, </SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; =
TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: =
150%">(g)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
      the stability of the home or proposed placement, </SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; =
TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: =
150%">(h)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
      the acts or omissions of the parent which may indicate that the =
existing=20
      parent&#8209;child relationship is not a proper one, and =
</SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 1in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; =
TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: =
150%">(i)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
      any excuse for the acts or omissions of the parent. </SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><I><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">Holley v. =
Adams</SPAN></I><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">, 544 S.W.2d 367,=20
      371</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">B</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">72 (Tex. =
1976).</SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: =
150%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase; LINE-HEIGHT: =
150%">B.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
      Sufficiency of the Evidence</SPAN></B></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">Section=20
      156.102 of the Texas Family Code requires an affidavit to be filed =
by the=20
      person seeking modification if it has been less than a year since =
the=20
      order was rendered. <SPAN style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase">Tex. =
Fam. Code=20
      Ann.</SPAN> </SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">'</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: Shruti"> =
156.102=20
      (Vernon 2006).&nbsp; This affidavit, as is relevant to this case, =
must=20
      contain an allegation, supported by facts, that the =
child</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">s present=20
      environment may endanger the child</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">s physical=20
      health or significantly impair the child</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">s=20
      emotional development.&nbsp; <I>See id</I>.&nbsp; Cynthia does not =
dispute=20
      that James complied with this requirement. </SPAN></P></DIV><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti"><BR=20
      style=3D"PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: auto" clear=3Dall></SPAN>
      <DIV class=3DSection9>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">Similarly,=20
      Cynthia does not challenge the trial court</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">s express=20
      or implied finding that the circumstances of a party affected by =
the order=20
      have materially and substantially changed since the final divorce =
decree=20
      was signed on December 4, 2003.&nbsp; Instead, she contends that =
the=20
      evidence does not support the trial court</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">s finding=20
      that the children</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">s living=20
      environment with her </SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">A</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">had a=20
      detrimental affect [sic] on the children</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">s=20
      emotional welfare.</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">@</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">&nbsp; We=20
      disagree.</SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
      First, the trial court heard Carol Stevens testify that she was =
concerned=20
      for the children</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">s=20
      emotional well-being when they were with their mother.&nbsp; In=20
      particular, Stevens testified that Cynthia questioned A.A.M. at =
length=20
      about her desire to live with her dad and other issues.&nbsp; Ms. =
Stevens=20
      also echoed James</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">s=20
      testimony that Cynthia slapped A.A.M. and threw C.E.M. onto a =
couch.&nbsp;=20
      Pictures that the children drew for Ms. Stevens, which were =
entered into=20
      evidence, depicted Cynthia hitting them and drinking =
beer.</SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">In=20
      addition, James testified extensively about arguments the children =

      witnessed and overheard during custody exchanges.&nbsp; According =
to=20
      James, A.A.M. told him that Cynthia struck her, causing a prior =
injury to=20
      bleed.&nbsp; Finally, James described instances in which the =
children had=20
      been left without parental supervision at a swimming pool, and had =
been=20
      left without any adult supervision at Horace Williams</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">s=20
      apartment.&nbsp; </SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">Under the=20
      applicable standard of review, we conclude there is sufficient =
evidence to=20
      sustain the trial court</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">s=20
      determination that the children</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">s living=20
      environment with Cynthia had a detrimental affect on their =
emotional=20
      welfare.&nbsp; We therefore overrule Cynthia</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">s first=20
      and second issues in part, and turn our attention to the trial=20
      court</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: =
Shruti">s=20
      assessment of the best interests of the children.&nbsp; =
</SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"MARGIN-LEFT: 0.5in; TEXT-INDENT: -0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: =
150%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><B><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">C.=20
      &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase">Application of Best Interest=20
      Factors</SPAN></SPAN></B></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">Because findings of =
fact and=20
      conclusions of law were neither requested nor filed, we presume =
that the=20
      trial court made all necessary findings to support its =
judgment.&nbsp;=20
      <I>Heine</I>, 835 S.W.2d at 83</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">B</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">84. =
</SPAN></P></DIV><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times =
New Roman'"><BR=20
      style=3D"PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: auto" clear=3Dall></SPAN>
      <DIV class=3DSection10>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">We begin our analysis =
by=20
      addressing the first <I>Holley</I> factor, the desires of the=20
      children.&nbsp; Although Cynthia testified that the children told =
her they=20
      wanted to live with her, Carol Stevens testified that A.A.M. and =
C.E.M.=20
      told her they preferred living with their father.&nbsp; Stevens =
also=20
      testified that Cynthia and sometimes Horace Williams questioned =
the=20
      children about this issue, but the children feared their=20
      mother</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s response to hearing =
their=20
      preference.&nbsp; Ms. Stevens stated that behavior such as=20
      Cynthia</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s questioning caused =
her=20
      concern for the children</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s emotional =
well-being.&nbsp;=20
      She further opined that children should be able to love one parent =
without=20
      having to justify that to the other. </SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">We next consider the =
emotional=20
      or physical needs of the children.&nbsp; The record indicates that =
Cynthia=20
      had previously been held in contempt for nonpayment of child =
support,=20
      although she brought the payments current after she sold the house =
at 404=20
      San Jacinto.&nbsp; In addition, James testified that at least on =
one=20
      occasion, Cynthia did not provide the children with adequate =
clothing and=20
      did not feed them adequately on other occasions.&nbsp; The =
testimony=20
      concerning James</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s care of the =
children showed=20
      no such deficiencies.&nbsp; Thus, the trial court could have =
inferred that=20
      James is better able to meet the children</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s emotional and =
physical=20
      needs.&nbsp; </SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">There was also =
testimony that=20
      if the children were to resume living with their mother, they =
would have=20
      to attend school in the Cy-Fair district, rather than the LaPorte =
district=20
      in which they had attended school when they last lived with their=20
      mother.&nbsp; The trial court reasonably could have considered =
this an=20
      additional destabilizing influence that could have a detrimental =
affect on=20
      the children</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s social and academic =

      development. </SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">Moreover, Horace =
Williams=20
      testified that Cynthia is forbidden by court order from driving, =
and she=20
      relies on Williams and her sister for transportation.&nbsp; This =
is=20
      further evidence from which the trial court could reasonably =
conclude that=20
      James, who is under no such restrictions, is better able to meet =
the=20
      children</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s needs. </SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">The trial court may =
also have=20
      considered the emotional and physical danger to the children now =
and in=20
      the future.&nbsp; In addition to Stevens</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s testimony that she =
was=20
      concerned for the children</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s emotional =
well-being, James=20
      produced evidence that Cynthia had left the children without =
parental=20
      supervision at a swimming pool, and had left them completely =
unattended at=20
      Horace Williams</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s home. =
</SPAN></P></DIV><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times =
New Roman'"><BR=20
      style=3D"PAGE-BREAK-BEFORE: auto" clear=3Dall></SPAN>
      <DIV class=3DSection11>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">The trial court also =
heard=20
      evidence that Cynthia moved without giving notice of the move as =
required=20
      by the final divorce decree. </SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">Considered together, =
the=20
      evidence weighs strongly in James</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s favor.&nbsp; On =
this record,=20
      which includes the trial court</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s implied findings of =
fact, we=20
      cannot say that the trial court abused its discretion by awarding =
James=20
      the right to designate the children</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s primary =
residence.&nbsp; To=20
      the contrary, the record supports the determination that this =
modification=20
      is in the best interest of the children. </SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 0.5in; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">Accordingly, we =
overrule=20
      appellant</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s issues and affirm =
the trial=20
      court</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">s =
judgment.</SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: =
150%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
      </SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 3.5in; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 6.5in; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: =
13pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&=
nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
      /s/&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Eva M. Guzman</SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-INDENT: 3.5in; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt">Justice</SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">Judgment rendered and =

      Memorandum Opinion filed May 31, 2007.</SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%">Panel consists of =
Justices=20
      Anderson, Hudson, and Guzman.</SPAN></P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 13pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%"></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal=20
      style=3D"LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; TEXT-ALIGN: justify">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
      <DIV><BR clear=3Dall>
      <HR align=3Dleft width=3D"33%" SIZE=3D1>

      <DIV id=3Dftn1>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><A=20
      title=3D""=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.14thcoa.courts.state.tx.us/opinions/htmlopinion.asp?Op=
inionId=3D83465#_ftnref1"=20
      name=3D_ftn1><SPAN class=3DMsoFootnoteReference><SUP><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><SPAN =
class=3DMsoFootnoteReference><SUP><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: =
11pt">[1]</SPAN></SUP></SPAN></SPAN></SUP></SPAN></A><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">&nbsp; Horace Williams was =
Cynthia</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">s boyfriend during the summer of 2004 =
and=20
      Cynthia</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">s husband at the time of trial. =
</SPAN></P></DIV>
      <DIV id=3Dftn2>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><A=20
      title=3D""=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.14thcoa.courts.state.tx.us/opinions/htmlopinion.asp?Op=
inionId=3D83465#_ftnref2"=20
      name=3D_ftn2><SPAN class=3DMsoFootnoteReference><SUP><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><SPAN =
class=3DMsoFootnoteReference><SUP><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: =
11pt">[2]</SPAN></SUP></SPAN></SPAN></SUP></SPAN></A><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">&nbsp; This person</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">s name is also spelled </SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">A</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Carole Stephens</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">@</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> in the record. </SPAN></P></DIV>
      <DIV id=3Dftn3>
      <P class=3DMsoNormal style=3D"MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt; TEXT-ALIGN: =
justify"><A=20
      title=3D""=20
      =
href=3D"http://www.14thcoa.courts.state.tx.us/opinions/htmlopinion.asp?Op=
inionId=3D83465#_ftnref3"=20
      name=3D_ftn3><SPAN class=3DMsoFootnoteReference><SUP><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt"><SPAN =
class=3DMsoFootnoteReference><SUP><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: =
11pt">[3]</SPAN></SUP></SPAN></SPAN></SUP></SPAN></A><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">&nbsp; Although Cynthia</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">s stated issues present challenges to =
</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">A</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">findings of fact</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">@</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> contained in the trial =
court</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">s modification order, findings of fact =
are=20
      required to be filed separately from and not recited in a =
judgment.&nbsp;=20
      <SPAN style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase">Tex. R. Civ. P. =
</SPAN>299a.&nbsp;=20
      In the absence of a requirement that specific findings of fact be =
included=20
      in the trial court</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">s order, findings included in a judgment =
cannot=20
      form the basis of a claim on appeal.&nbsp; <I>Frommer v. =
Frommer</I>, 981=20
      S.W.2d 811, 813</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">B</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">14 (Tex. App.</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">C</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Houston [1st Dist.] 1998 pet. =
dism</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">d); <I>see also In re E.A.C.</I>, 162 =
S.W.3d 438,=20
      442 (Tex. App.</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">C</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">Dallas 2005, no pet.) (</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">A</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">The legislature made it clear in =
enacting the=20
      family code that, unless expressly provided otherwise, suits =
affecting the=20
      parent-child relationship are to be governed by the same rules of=20
      procedure as those generally applied in other civil =
cases.</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">@</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">) (citing <SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase">Tex. Fam. Code Ann.</SPAN> =
</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">'</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> 109.002(a) (Vernon Supp. 2006)).&nbsp; =
Moreover,=20
      even if the recitation of this finding were sufficient to preserve =
a=20
      complaint on appeal, the particular language that Cynthia =
challenges=20
      appears to address a requirement for modification that was =
formerly found=20
      in section 156.104 of the Family Code, but that was eliminated by =
an=20
      amendment in 2001.&nbsp; <I>Compare</I> Act approved April 24, =
1995, 74th=20
      Leg., R.S., ch. 20, </SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">'</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> 1, 1995 Tex. Gen. Laws, 113, =
173</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">B</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">74, <I>amended by </I>Act approved June =
16, 2001,=20
      77th Leg., R.S., ch. 289, </SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">'</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> 8, 2001 Tex. Gen. Laws 3108, 3110 =
(permitting=20
      modification of custody when, <I>inter alia</I>, retention of a =
sole=20
      managing conservatorship would be <I>detrimental to the welfare of =
the=20
      child</I>)<I> </I>(emphasis added) <I>with</I> <SPAN=20
      style=3D"TEXT-TRANSFORM: uppercase">Tex. Fam. Code Ann.</SPAN> =
</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">'</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt"> 156.101 (Vernon Supp. 2006) (permitting =

      modification of prior court order if circumstances have =
substantially=20
      changed and the modification would be in the child</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">s best interest, but containing no =
requirement=20
      that the trial court find current conditions have a detrimental =
effect on=20
      the child</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">s welfare).&nbsp; Nevertheless, because =
much of=20
      Cynthia</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">s argument implies a challenge to the =
sufficiency=20
      of the evidence supporting the implied finding that the =
modification is in=20
      the children</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'WP =
TypographicSymbols'">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
      style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 11pt">s best interest, we interpret her stated =
issues to=20
      present this=20
argument.</SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE></BODY></HTML>

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