B&W Supply, Inc. v. Beckman 305 S.W.3d 10 (Tex.App.- Houston [1st Dist.] Apr. 9, 2009)(Keyes)
REVERSE TC JUDGMENT AND RENDER JUDGMENT: Opinion by Justice Keyes
Before Justices Jennings, Keyes and Higley
01-07-00574-CV B & W Supply, Inc. and Weston Wyatt v. Lawrence and Diane Beckman
Appeal from 215th District Court of Harris County
Trial Court Judge: Hon. Levi J. Benton
B & W SUPPLY, INC. and Weston Wyatt, Individually, Appellants,
v.
Lawrence and Diane BECKMAN, Appellees.
No. 01-07-00574-CV.
Court of Appeals of Texas, Houston (1st Dist.).
April 9, 2009.
14*14 David W. Holman, The Holman Law Firm, P.C., Jeffrey J. Messock, Messock & Walton, Houston, TX, for
Appellants.
Lionel M. Schooler, Jason T. Martin, Jackson Walker, LLP, Houston, TX, for Appellees.
Panel consists of Justices JENNINGS, KEYES, and HIGLEY.
OPINION
EVELYN V. KEYES, Justice.
In this breach of contract suit, appellants, B & W Supply, Inc. and Weston Wyatt, Individually (collectively
referred to as B & W) challenge the trial court's order granting judgment notwithstanding the verdict (JNOV)
in favor of appellees, Lawrence and Diane Beckman. In three issues on appeal, B & W argues that the trial
court improperly granted the Beckmans' JNOV when evidence existed to support the jury's findings that (1)
the Beckmans breached the contract; (2) B & W Supply was entitled to lost profits; and (3) B & W Supply was
entitled to reasonable and necessary attorney's fees. In their cross-appeal, the Beckmans argue that the trial
court erred in (1) disregarding the jury's response excusing B & W's breach because the evidence at trial
was legally insufficient to support a finding that B & W was excused from its obligation to perform the contract
and (2) not submitting their DTPA claim to the jury.
We reverse the JNOV.
Background
B & W and the Beckmans entered into a contract for B & W to perform remodeling work in several rooms of
the Beckmans' home for $60,000. The contract called for various progress payments throughout the project.
By January 9, 2006, the Beckmans had paid B & W $30,000 and half of the project remained to be finished.
Around this time a dispute arose leading B & W to cease all work on the project. The Beckmans sued B & W
for breach of contract, Deceptive Trade Practices Act[1] violations, conversion, breach of fiduciary duty,
violations of Chapter 162 of the Texas Property Code,[2] and attorney's fees. B & W counterclaimed for lost
profits. The parties presented conflicting evidence on whether the Beckmans fired B & W or whether B & W
walked off the job.
At the conclusion of the trial, the jury found (1) in questions one and two that B & W failed to perform the
contract but that such failure was excused; (2) in questions three and four that the Beckmans failed to
perform the contract and that such failure was not excused; (3) in question 15*15 six that B & W was entitled
to $9,000 in damages; and (4) in question eight that B & W was entitled to attorney's fees in the amounts of
(a) $25,000 for trial, (b) $12,500 for an appeal to the court of appeals, and (c) $10,000 to an appeal to the
Supreme Court of Texas.
B & W filed a motion to enter judgment on the verdict, and the Beckmans filed a motion for JNOV contending
that "B & W did not offer legally sufficient evidence of its cost of completion, or even consider or present
evidence about the actual expenses it had incurred to date." The Beckmans also contended that B & W had
presented legally insufficient evidence that the Beckmans breached the contract and no evidence that B & W
was excused from performance.
In its final judgment, the trial court granted in part the Beckmans' motion for JNOV and denied B & W's motion
to enter judgment on the verdict. The trial court disregarded the jury's answers to questions three (the
Beckmans' breach), six (B & W's lost profit damages), and eight (B & W's attorney's fees), and held that B &
W would take nothing from the Beckmans on B & W's counterclaim, that the Beckmans would take nothing
from B & W, and that each party would pay its attorney's fees. Both parties filed a notice of appeal.
JNOV
A trial court may disregard a jury's findings and grant a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict only
when a directed verdict would have been proper. See TEX.R. CIV. P. 301; Fort Bend County Drainage Dist.
v. Sbrusch, 818 S.W.2d 392, 394 (Tex.1991); see also Prudential Ins. Co. v. Fin. Review Servs., Inc., 29 S.W.
3d 74, 77 (Tex.2000) (directed verdict proper only when evidence conclusively establishes right of movant to
judgment or negates right of opponent or evidence is insufficient to raise material fact issue); Cain v. Pruett,
938 S.W.2d 152, 160 (Tex. App.-Dallas 1996, no writ) (directed verdict proper when evidence reflects that no
other verdict can be rendered and moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law). A JNOV should be
granted when the evidence is conclusive and one party is entitled to recover as a matter of law or when a
legal principle precludes recovery. Morrell v. Finke, 184 S.W.3d 257, 290 (Tex.App.-Fort Worth 2005, pet.
denied); see also United Parcel Serv., Inc. v. Tasdemiroglu, 25 S.W.3d 914, 916 n. 4 (Tex. App.-Houston
[14th Dist.] 2000, pet. denied) ("A court should grant a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict if a
legal principle prevents a party from prevailing on its claim.").
An appellate court reviews a JNOV under a no-evidence standard of review. See Garton v. Rockett, 190 S.W.
3d 139, 144 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2005, no pet.). That is, we will affirm only if there is no evidence to
support an issue, or conversely, if the evidence establishes an issue as a matter of law. See Best v. Ryan
Auto Group, Inc., 786 S.W.2d 670, 671 (Tex.1990); Garton, 190 S.W.3d at 144. To determine whether there
is no evidence to support the jury's finding, "we must view the evidence in a light that tends to support the
finding of disputed fact and disregard all evidence and inferences to the contrary." Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v.
Miller, 102 S.W.3d 706, 709 (Tex.2003). If more than a scintilla of evidence supports the jury's finding, "the
jury's verdict, and not the trial court's judgment must be upheld." Id. More than a scintilla of evidence exists
when the evidence "rises to a level that would enable reasonable and fair-minded people to differ in their
conclusions." Ford Motor Co. v. Ridgway, 135 S.W.3d 598, 601 (Tex.2004) (quoting Merrell Dow Pharm., Inc.
v. Havner, 953 16*16 S.W.2d 706, 711 (Tex.1997)). Evidence that is "so weak as to do no more than create
a mere surmise," however, is no more than a scintilla and, thus, no evidence. Id. (quoting Kindred v.
Con/Chem, Inc., 650 S.W.2d 61, 63 (Tex.1983)).
Breach of Contract
In its first issue, B & W argues that the trial court improperly granted the Beckmans' JNOV when evidence
existed to support the jury's findings that the Beckmans failed to perform the contract.
In question one, the jury was asked, "Did the Beckmans fail to perform the contract?" The jury answered,
"yes." In its final judgment, the trial court stated that it disregarded the jury's answer.
The essential elements of a breach of contract claim are (1) the existence of a valid contract; (2)
performance or tendered performance by the plaintiff; (3) breach of the contract by the defendant; and (4)
damages sustained as a result of the breach. Valero Marketing & Supply Co. v. Kalama Int'l, 51 S.W.3d 345,
351 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 2001, no pet.). "A breach of contract occurs when a party fails or refuses to
do something he has promised to do." Mays v. Pierce, 203 S.W.3d 564, 575 (Tex. App.-Houston [14th Dist.]
2006, pet. denied).
B & W contends that sufficient evidence supports the jury's finding that the Beckmans breached the contract.
Specifically, B & W contends that the Beckmans breached in two ways: (1) Mr. Beckman ordered B & W
Supply off his property and (2) the Beckmans did not provide B & W with the third $15,000 progress payment.
Wyatt testified that the job started on December 1, 2005, it was "going great," and he was making money.
Wyatt further testified that he had a conversation with Mr. Beckman on January 9 in which Mr. Beckman
asked what he was making on the project. Wyatt told him 30%, and Mr. Beckman said that was outrageous.
Mr. Beckman then said that Wyatt needed to give him line-item approval on everything from then on, to which
Wyatt replied that he could not. Wyatt then testified that Mr. Beckman "went off on me. And told me that if I
didn't do line-item approval, that I should not come back to this job. I don't want you on my property." Wyatt
responded, "I'm not going to come back." Wyatt then called his subcontractors and told them that he had
been fired. Wyatt testified that Mr. Beckman called him dishonest and that Mr. Beckman gave him an
ultimatum that "if I didn't go with line-item approval, that he did not want me to come back to the job." After
January 10, 2006, Wyatt did not return to the project. Wyatt also testified that Mrs. Beckman never offered to
pay the third draw. He stated that when he talked to her on January 10 or 11, she never mentioned anything
about the third draw, which was due.
Mrs. Beckman testified that "we did indeed agree to advance him the $15 thousand in those four incremental
payments." Mrs. Beckman testified that on January 4, they were happy with B & W's work. She also testified
that the third draw had been requested before the meeting that was scheduled for January 10. Mrs. Beckman
told Wyatt that she would give him the third draw at the meeting, but the meeting never occurred. She
admitted that when she talked to Wyatt on January 11, she did not tell him that she would give him the third
draw. She further admitted that she asked Wyatt for his subcontractors' phone numbers. She agreed with
Wyatt's counsel that if she called the subcontractors directly, she would not have to pay the contractor's fees.
17*17 From the evidence presented, we conclude that the jury could have reasonably concluded that the
Beckmans breached the contract by firing B & W and by not paying the third draw. Accordingly, we hold that
the trial court erred in disregarding the jury's findings in question three on whether the Beckmans failed to
perform the contract.[3]
Lost Profits
In its second issue, B & W argues that the trial court improperly granted the Beckmans' motion for JNOV
because evidence existed to support the jury's findings that B & W Supply was entitled to lost profits.
Question six of the jury charge asks,
What sum of money, if any, if paid now in cash, would fairly and reasonably compensate B & W for its
damages, if any, that resulted from such failure to perform?
Consider the following element of damages, if any, and none other.
Lost profits on the remaining contract amount that were a natural, probable and foreseeable consequence of
the Beckmans' failure to perform.
The jury awarded B & W $9,000 in lost profits. In its final judgment, the trial court stated that it was
disregarding the jury's answer.
Lost profits are damages for the loss of net income to a business and, broadly speaking, reflect income from
lost business activity, less expenses that would have been attributable to that activity. Miga v. Jensen, 96 S.W.
3d 207, 213 (Tex. 2002); see generally Capital Metro. Transp. Auth. v. Cent. of Tenn. Ry. & Navigation Co.,
114 S.W.3d 573, 581-82 & n. 7 (Tex.App.-Austin 2003, pet. denied) (considering both income projections
and specific expenses when evaluating proof of lost profits). Lost profits may be recovered for money that
would have been made if the bargain had been performed as promised. Formosa Plastics Corp. v. Presidio
Eng'rs & Contractors, Inc., 960 S.W.2d 41, 50 (Tex.1998). To be recovered, lost profits must be proved with
reasonable certainty and competent evidence. Szczepanik v. First S. Trust Co., 883 S.W.2d 648, 649 (Tex.
1994).
Lost profits are recoverable only if the evidence shows that the loss of profits was a material and probable
consequence of the breach complained of and the amount due is shown with sufficient certainty. Cmty. Dev.
Serv., Inc. v. Replacement Parts Mfg., 679 S.W.2d 721, 725 (Tex.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1984, no writ).
Generally, lost profits are properly calculated by deducting from the actual contract price the costs of the
injured party's performance supported by data. Id. "However, a witness may also prove lost profits by
testifying as to what his profit would have been, based on his knowledge of the cost of performance of each
element of the contract and subtracting the total of such costs from the contract price." Id.
"The requirement of `reasonable certainty' in the proof of lost profits is intended to be flexible enough to
accommodate the myriad circumstances in which claims for lost profits arise." SW Battery Corp. v. Owen, 131
Tex. 423, 115 S.W.2d 1097, 1099 (1938). "What constitutes reasonably certain evidence of lost profits is a
fact intensive determination. At a minimum, 18*18 opinions or estimates of lost profits must be based on
objective facts, figures, or data from which the amount of lost profits can be ascertained." Holt Atherton
Indus., Inc. v. Heine, 835 S.W.2d 80, 84 (Tex.1992); see, e.g., Pena v. Ludwig, 766 S.W.2d 298, 304 (Tex.
App.-Waco 1989, no writ); Frank B. Hall & Co. v. Beach, Inc., 733 S.W.2d 251, 258 (Tex.App.-Corpus Christi
1987, writ ref'd n.r.e.); Keller v. Davis, 694 S.W.2d 355, 357 (Tex.App.-Houston [14th Dist.] 1985, writ ref'd n.r.
e.); Automark of Tex. v. Disc. Trophies, 681 S.W.2d 828, 830 (Tex.App.-Dallas 1984, no writ). "Although
supporting documentation may affect the weight of the evidence, it is not necessary to produce in court the
documents supporting the opinions or estimates." Holt Atherton Indus., Inc., 835 S.W.2d at 84.
Wyatt testified that he makes a list of anticipated expenses when bidding contracts and that he includes
"surprise" money, usually 10 percent or less. He then adds all of his numbers and multiplies the sum by 30
percent. The total of those two numbers is the cost of the job. He testified that if there is no surprise, he gets
to keep the money. He also testified that the 30 percent is the amount of profit he tries to make on the job.
The contract that the parties signed involved remodeling the Beckmans' media and game rooms, living room,
dining room, foyer, wet bar, kitchen, powder bath, master bedroom, and master bathroom. The contract
stated that the project would take seven to ten weeks to complete at a price of $60,000. The contract
contemplated three progress payments of $15,000, a fourth progress payment of $14,000, and, upon
completion, a final payment of $1,000.
The evidence further shows that, as of January 9, 2006, B & W had spent $20,655. On January 9, the
Beckmans paid $30,000. Wyatt testified that out of the $30,000 the Beckmans paid, B & W took out a $9,000
profit. Wyatt testified that if the job had been completed he would have gotten an additional $9,000 profit, but
he corrected himself that it would actually be $7,593. The trial court admitted defendant's exhibit 21, which
was a summary of labor and materials for the remodeling job. The exhibit shows that the contract amount was
$60,000, estimated expenses were $43,407.00, and profit was to be $16,593.00. B & W presented evidence
that it would have to spend an additional $13,407 ($43,407—$30,000) to complete the project, thus entitling
B & W to $7,593 ($60,000—$43,407—$9,000) in profit. In addition, Wyatt testified that, had the Beckmans
performed under the contract, he would have made $7,593 in profit. We conclude that B & W presented more
than a scintilla of evidence of lost profits.[4]
We now turn to the Beckmans' arguments to determine whether legal principles preclude B & W from
recovering its lost profits.
The Beckmans contend that the trial court correctly granted JNOV because "B & W's reliance upon the jury's
`excuse' finding bars its recovery of lost profits." The Beckmans rely on The Long 19*19 Trusts v. Griffin, 222
S.W.3d 412 (Tex. 2006).
In Griffin, the Longs sued a gas company to enforce take-or-pay obligations in a joint participation in oil and
gas ventures. Id. at 415. In exchange for the Griffins' sharing in litigation expenses, the Longs agreed to split
any recovery in the suit with the Griffins. Id. The agreement provided that the Longs would send out bills for
litigation expenses monthly. Id. In nearly three years, the Griffins received only a few bills, but they paid them
timely. Id. at 416. The Longs then submitted bills for 20 months of accumulated bills. Id. The Griffins agreed
to pay a portion of the bills, but the Longs rejected the agreement and "returned the Griffins' delinquent
payments and notified them that they had been excluded from further participating in the litigation." Id. The
Griffins made no more payments, but when the litigation settled for $11.1 million, the Griffins sought their
share. Id.
The supreme court stated that when the Longs ceased sending monthly bills the Griffins could have sued to
enforce the agreement, and, assuming that the Longs' breach of their monthly billing obligation was material,
the Griffins would have been excused from any further obligation to perform. Id. at 415. The Griffins could
also have terminated the contract and sued the Longs for breach. Id. However, the Griffins treated the
agreement not as terminated but as continuing and entitling them to the benefit of the bargain—participating
in the recovery. Id. at 415-16. Thus they deprived themselves of any excuse for ceasing performance on
their own part. Id. The court held that "[t]he Griffins could not cease to share in the expenses and still insist in
sharing in the recovery." Id.
Griffin is not applicable here because, unlike the Griffins, B & W did not treat the contract as continuing, and
the Beckmans do not point us to any evidence that B & W believed that the contract was continuing. Rather,
the evidence shows that B & W believed that it had been fired from the job and stopped work on the
Beckmans' house. We thus conclude that Griffin does not preclude B & W from recovering its lost profits.
The Beckmans next argue that the trial court correctly granted JNOV because B & W did not account for
expenses and costs and thus failed to present legally sufficient evidence of its damages. The Beckmans rely
on Farris v. Smith Erectors, Inc., 516 S.W.2d 281 (Tex.Civ.App.-Houston [1st Dist.] 1974, no writ). In Farris,
the contractor was to be paid $30,000 for a construction job. Id. at 282. The contractor sued after
substantially performing the contract and claimed damages in the amount of $18,000, which was the contract
price less the sum of $12,000 that had already been paid. Id.
We stated that "[a] contractor who is unjustifiably prevented by the owner from finishing his work may sue and
recover as provided by the contract." Id. at 283. The contractor's recovery "is measured by the difference
between the contract price and what it would have cost him to carry out the contract." Id. "Although he is
entitled to recover the profits which the contract would have yielded, he is not entitled to receive, if he has
only partially performed the contract, the same amount of money to which he would have been entitled had it
been fully executed." Id. We further stated that "[t]he burden of proof is upon the contractor to provide the
data from which such damages may be computed." Id. Such proof consists of "evidence of the contract price
and proof of the probable cost to the plaintiff of completing performance." Id. at 283-84. We concluded that
the record in Farris did not 20*20 contain evidence from which the trial court could ascertain the probable
cost of completing the work and therefore the court could not measure the contractor's profit. Id. There being
no evidence to support recovery beyond the amount already paid, no such recovery was justified. Id.
The Beckmans misconstrue Farris. Farris supports our decision in this case rather than undermining it. Farris
allows the recovery of lost profits, but it holds that when there has been only partial performance, as here,
the contractor cannot recover the total amount of the contract (i.e. $60,000 minus the $30,000 already paid),
but only the additional profit (here, $7,593) the contractor would have gotten had the breaching party
performed under the contract. To recover the additional profit, he must provide evidence from which the
profit can be calculated. Unlike Farris, the record here contains evidence of the total contract price, the
expenses B & W had already incurred and the amount he had already been paid on the partially performed
contract, the amount of expenses B & W anticipated it would incur to finish the contract, enabling the
calculation of its anticipated profit. We thus conclude that Farris does not preclude B & W from recovering its
lost profits.
The Beckmans next argue that B & W cannot recover because it failed to comply with the Texas Residential
Construction Commission Act (RCCA), which requires B & W to register as a builder. Because B & W did not
register, the Beckmans assert that it cannot seek a civil remedy for the Beckmans' breach of contract.
After the close of the evidence, the Beckmans argued to the trial court that there could be no causation
because B & W was not licensed by the Texas Residential Construction Commission. However, the Beckmans
did not raise the issue of B & W's failure to register as a builder as a bar to its right to assert a civil remedy
for breach of contract by a private party in their motion for JNOV. The Beckmans' argument at trial differs
from the one they assert on appeal. We thus conclude the issue has been waived. See TEX.R.APP. P. 33.1.
We sustain B & W's second issue.
Attorney's Fees
In its third issue, B & W argues that evidence supported the jury's finding that B & W was entitled to
reasonable and necessary attorney's fees. On appeal, the Beckmans do not respond to B & W's arguments
regarding their entitlement to attorney's fees.
Jury question number eight asked the jury to award reasonable attorney's fees to B & W. The jury awarded
attorney's fees in the amount of $25,000 for preparation and trial; $12,500 for an appeal to the Court of
Appeal; and $10,000 for an appeal to the Supreme Court of Texas. In its final judgment, the trial court stated
that it was disregarding the jury's answer to question number eight.
B & W's attorney testified at trial and submitted an affidavit stating that he believed reasonable attorney's
fees in the case through trial were $25,000 and reasonable appellate attorney's fees were $12,500. B & W's
evidence on attorney's fees was uncontroverted. Clear, direct, and uncontroverted evidence of attorney's
fees is taken as true as a matter of law, especially when the opposing party has the means and opportunity
to disprove the testimony. See Ragsdale v. Progressive Voters League, 801 S.W.2d 880, 882 (Tex. 1990).
Because we have sustained B & W's first and second issues on its breach of contract claim and damages, we
conclude 21*21 that B & W is entitled to attorney's fees.[5] See TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM.CODE ANN. § 38.001
(8) (Vernon 2008).
We sustain B & W's third issue.
Cross-Appeal
Excuse
In their first issue on cross-appeal, the Beckmans argue that because the jury's answer regarding B & W's
"excuse" for its ceasing performance under the contract was not supported by legally sufficient evidence, the
trial court should have rendered judgment in favor of the Beckmans against B & W on the basis of the jury's
finding of B & W's breach under Question No. 1.
It is a fundamental principle of contract law that when one party to a contract commits a material breach of
that contract, the other party is discharged or excused from further performance. Mustang Pipeline Co., Inc.
v. Driver Pipeline Co., Inc., 134 S.W.3d 195, 196 (Tex.2004). Having held in B & W's first issue that the jury
could have reasonably concluded that the Beckmans breached the contract and that B & W properly treated
the contract as not continuing,[6] we conclude that legally sufficient evidence supports the jury's finding on B
& W's excuse.
We overrule the Beckmans' first cross-point.
DTPA Claims
In their second issue on cross-appeal, the Beckmans assert that the trial court erred in refusing to submit
their DTPA claim. At the close of the evidence, the Beckmans asked that their DTPA jury question should be
submitted in the jury charge. The trial court granted a directed verdict on the Beckmans' DTPA claim. On
appeal, the Beckmans contend that "B & W made representations to the Beckmans about having all
appropriate registrations to undertake the Contract."
In reviewing the grant or denial of a directed verdict, an appellate court follows the standards for assessing
the legal sufficiency of the evidence. City of Keller v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 809-28 (Tex.2005). We must
determine whether there is any evidence of probative force to raise a fact issue on the question presented.
Bostrom Seating, Inc. v. Crane Carrier Co., 140 S.W.3d 681, 684 (Tex.2004). We will credit the favorable
evidence if reasonable jurors could and disregard the contrary evidence unless reasonable jurors could not.
City of Keller, 168 S.W.3d at 827. "A directed verdict is warranted when the evidence is such that no other
verdict can be rendered and the moving party is entitled, as a matter of law, to judgment." Byrd v.
Delasancha, 195 S.W.3d 834, 836 (Tex.App.-Dallas 2006, no pet.).
To establish a DTPA claim, the Beckmans had to produce evidence: (1) that they were consumers; (2) that B
& W engaged in at least one of the laundry list items; (3) that the Beckmans detrimentally relied on the false,
misleading, or deceptive act or practice; and (4) that the false, misleading, or deceptive act or practice was a
producing cause of their injury. See Amstadt v. U.S. Brass Corp., 919 S.W.2d 644, 649 (Tex.1996). The
producing-cause-of-actual-damages element requires some 22*22 showing that the defendant's act or
omission was a cause in fact of the plaintiff's injury. See Helena Chem. Co. v. Wilkins, 47 S.W.3d 486, 502
(Tex.2001). To establish the producing-cause element, the plaintiff must show the defendant's action was a
substantial factor in bringing about the plaintiff's injury, without which the injury would not have occurred. See
Doe v. Boys Club of Greater Dallas, Inc., 907 S.W.2d 472, 478 (Tex.1995).
The Beckmans assert that "[t]here is likewise evidence to demonstrate that this violation [the violation of not
registering with the TRCCA] was a producing cause of the Beckmans' damages, in that they relied upon B &
W to perform its work timely, properly and completely, and not to have their residence left in shambles."
However, the Beckmans present no citation to the record that demonstrates that B & W's alleged
misrepresentation about being registered with the TRCCA was a producing cause of their damages.
Furthermore, we fail to see how B & W's registration or failure to register with the TRCCA had relevance to
damages caused to the Beckmans. Accordingly, we conclude that the trial court properly granted a directed
verdict on the Beckmans' DTPA claim.
We overrule the Beckmans' second cross-point.
Conclusion
We reverse the judgment of the trial court. We render judgment on the jury's findings that B & W recover
from Lawrence and Diane Beckman lost profit damages in the amount of $9,000, reasonable attorney's fees
for preparation and trial in the amount of $25,500, and appellate attorney's fees in the amount of $12,500.
[1] See TEX. BUS. & COM.CODE ANN. §§ 17.41-.63 (Vernon 2002 & Supp. 2008).
[2] See TEX. PROP.CODE ANN. § 162.001-.033 (Vernon 2007) (entitled, "Construction Payments, Loan Receipts, and
Misapplication of Trust Funds").
[3] On appeal, the Beckmans do not controvert any of B & W's arguments regarding the trial court's decision to disregard
question number three (the Beckmans' failure to perform the contract). The Beckmans merely state that "there was no legally
sufficient evidence that the Beckmans breached the contract. Accordingly, the trial court erred when it did not disregard the
jury's answer to Question No. 3."
[4] Wyatt testified that he would make a 30% profit on the $60,000 contract. At various points in his testimony, Wyatt testified
that he wanted the jury to award him $9,000 which would have been the remaining profit on the project. At other points, Wyatt
asked the jury to award him $7,593 in lost profits. The jury generally has broad discretion to award damages within the range
of evidence presented at trial. Gulf States Utilities, Co. v. Low, 79 S.W.3d 561, 566 (Tex.2002). We conclude that the jury's
award of $9,000 was within the range of the evidence.
[5] A person may recover reasonable attorney's fees from an individual or corporation, in addition to the amount of a valid claim
and costs if the claim is for an oral or written contract and is pled. TEX. CIV. PRAC. & REM. CODE ANN. § 38.001 (Vernon
2008).
[6] "A party who elects to treat a contract as continuing deprives himself of any excuse for ceasing performance on his own
part." Hanks v. GAB Bus. Servs., Inc., 644 S.W.2d 707, 708 (Tex. 1982).