Hernandez v. Labella (Tex.App.- Houston [14th Dist.] Feb. 9, 2010)(Anderson)
(breach of settlement agreement in attorney malpractice case, settlement agreement enforced)(fee
forfeiture for breach of fiduciary duty by lawyer to client, election of remedies in breach of contract case,
repudiation of settlement agreement, anticipatory repudiation, rescission of contract)
we reverse the judgment of the trial court and render judgment that (1) the
Settlement Agreement was enforceable; (2) appellees breached the Settlement
Agreement when they refused to perform their obligation to pay appellant
$100,000.00; and (3) appellant recover $100,000.00 from appellees.
REVERSED AND RENDERED IN PART AND REMANDED IN PART: Opinion by Justice Anderson
Before Chief Justice Hedges, Justices Anderson and Boyce
14-08-00327-CV Salomon Juan Hernandez v. Joseph J. Labella and LaBella Dennis & Associates, P.L.L.
C.
Appeal from 284th District Court of Montgomery County (name of trial court judge not shown on docket)
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Appellant, Salomon Juan Hernandez, sued appellees, Joseph J. LaBella and LaBella, Dennis & Associates,
P.L.L.C., for breach of fiduciary duty arising out of their legal representation of appellant. After the jury
rendered a verdict in favor of appellant, the parties negotiated a settlement of the dispute. Following a
short delay by a third party in the completion of one of the terms of the settlement agreement, the trial
court entered a final judgment holding that (1) the settlement agreement was unenforceable; (2) the issue
of damages in the case was a question of law for the court; and (3) appellant’s damages were limited to the
forfeiture of the $1,000.00 fee collected by appellees.
We reverse.
Factual and Procedural Background
In 2001 appellant was convicted of driving while intoxicated and placed on probation. In March 2004, while
still on probation, appellant was arrested for public intoxication. Facing both the public intoxication charge
and a motion to revoke his probation, appellant retained appellees for a flat fee of $1,000.00.
April 5, 2004 was appellant’s court date on the public intoxication charge. Appellant appeared at the
Conroe Municipal Court, however, neither LaBella nor anyone from LaBella’s firm appeared to represent
appellant. Unsure what to do when his case was called, appellant pled guilty to the public intoxication
charge. Following appellant’s guilty plea, a motion to revoke his probation was filed and appellant was
arrested when he made a scheduled visit to his probation officer. As a result, appellant was in jail from
June 16 until July 9, 2004.
Having failed to appear on April 5, 2004, LaBella appealed appellant’s public intoxication conviction to
county court. On July 9, 2004, the motion to revoke appellant’s probation was withdrawn and appellant
was released from jail. Once appellant was released from jail, LaBella demanded an additional $5,000.00
fee from appellant as well as appellant’s employer. From that initial demand, LaBella made numerous
threats against appellant, appellant’s employer, and appellant’s psychologist regarding this additional
amount of money.
Eventually, appellant initiated a breach of fiduciary duty lawsuit against appellees. The case went to trial
and on January 17, 2008, the jury returned a verdict in favor of appellant. The jury found that (1)
appellees had an attorney-client relationship with appellant; (2) appellees failed to comply with the fiduciary
duty they owed to appellant; and (3) appellant’s damages were $500,000.00.
Following the jury verdict, the parties agreed to settle their dispute.
The Settlement Agreement provides, in pertinent part:
1. LaBella shall pay to Hernandez $100,000.00 by cashier’s check or money order by 1 p.m., Friday,
January 18, 2008.
2. LaBella and Hernandez shall execute mutual releases of each other and their attorneys, agents,
heirs, successors, assigns, and representatives of any and all claims that were brought or that could have
been brought in this lawsuit.
3. Hernandez shall nonsuit his lawsuit against LaBella and LaBella Dennis & Associates PLLC with
prejudice upon receipt of the funds in paragraph 1.
4. LaBella shall dismiss with prejudice his lawsuit against Stephen Dennis, Kandis Renee Garrett
Dennis Individually and as Executrix of the Estate of James H. Garrett in the 9th District Court under cause
number 06-05-04490-CV and all of those people shall dismiss their counterclaims with prejudice against
LaBella in that lawsuit.[1]
The Settlement Agreement was then signed by appellant, appellant’s attorneys, LaBella, and appellees’
attorney. The Settlement Agreement was then filed with the trial court.
Problems quickly began to develop with the pending settlement. First, LaBella had difficulties timely
funding the $100,000.00 payment owed to appellant and asked for a delay. Appellant agreed to extend
the time for LaBella to make the $100,000.00 payment until the following week, after the Martin Luther King
holiday. In addition, LaBella’s attorney drafted various settlement documents that included mutual
releases and an agreed order of dismissal of the LaBalle-Dennis litigation. Appellant’s attorney responded
with suggested changes and LaBella accepted those changes. LaBella then asked appellant’s counsel to
forward the Labella-Dennis dismissal documents to Mr. Medley, Dennis’s attorney.
On January 22, 2008, LaBella’s attorney sent appellant a letter notifying appellant that LaBella was ready
to fund the settlement. LaBella also requested signatures on all settlement documents. That same day,
Medley refused to sign the dismissal documents which had been forwarded by appellant’s counsel. In a
January 22, 2008 letter sent to appellant’s counsel, Medley explained: “[m]y clients have instructed me not
to execute the order (as a matter of substance, and not merely of form).” Appellant’s counsel then talked
to Medley and learned that he was unwilling to sign the LaBella-Dennis dismissal documents because the
documents did not indicate their purpose and Medley had not heard from either LaBella or LaBella’s
counsel. On January 23, 2008, Medley notified appellant’s counsel he had no objection to a proper motion
for and order of dismissal of the LaBella-Dennis litigation. On January 24, 2008 Medley sent appellees’
attorney an executed agreed motion and order of dismissal in the LaBella-Dennis litigation.
On January 22, 2008, within hours of learning of Medley’s initial refusal to sign the dismissal documents,
appellees filed a document in the trial court entitled: “Joseph J. LaBella’s and Labella Dennis & Associates
P.L.L.C.’s Election of Remedy for Material Breach of Settlement Agreement, Motion for Judgment Non
Obstante Veredicto, or for Remittur, re-Urged Motion for Mistrial, Re-Urged Motion for Directed Verdict,
Motion to Set Aside the Verdict, and Motion for New Trial.” In this document, appellees argued Medley’s
initial refusal to sign the LaBella-Dennis dismissal documents constituted an absolute repudiation of the
Settlement Agreement allowing appellees to elect the remedy of declaring the Settlement Agreement
breached and unenforceable thereby returning the litigation to its posture prior to the signing of the
Settlement Agreement. In response, appellant filed a motion to enforce the Settlement Agreement.
After a bench trial on the disputed Settlement Agreement, the trial court entered a final judgment holding
(1) the Settlement Agreement was unenforceable and the case was returned to its posture before the
attempted settlement; (2) the issue of damages for breach of fiduciary duty is a question of law;[2] and (3)
appellees were to forfeit their $1,000.00 fee as damages for their breach of fiduciary duty. This appeal
followed.
Discussion
While appellant raises five issues on appeal, they can be divided into two groups. First, appellant
contends the trial court erred when it (1) ruled the issue of damages for breach of fiduciary duty is a
question of law for the trial court, (2) disregarded the jury’s damages finding, and (3) determined appellant’
s damages were limited to appellees’ forfeiting their $1,000.00 fee. Second, appellant argues the trial
court erred when it determined the Settlement Agreement was breached and unenforceable as a result of
a third party’s failure to perform, thereby allowing appellees to elect the remedy of setting the Settlement
Agreement aside. Because they are dispositive, we need only address appellant’s second group of issues.
[3]
I. Did the trial court err when it refused to enforce the Settlement Agreement?
A. The Standard of Review
The law of contracts is applicable to settlement agreements. Shaw v. Kennedy, Ltd., 879 S.W.2d 240, 247
(Tex. App.—Amarillo 1994, writ denied). Once the parties accept the terms of the settlement, the
agreement is binding and can be enforced by the courts. Id. When, as in this case, the contract is
unambiguous and the relevant facts are undisputed, we interpret the contract and determine whether a
party has breached the contract as a matter of law. Gupta v. E. Idaho Tumor Inst., 140 S.W.3d 747, 756
(Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2004, pet. denied).
B. Was the Settlement Agreement enforceable?
Citing Murray v. Crest Const., Inc., appellees argued in the trial court and again here that Medley’s
January 22, 2008 letter constituted an anticipatory repudiation or breach of the Settlement Agreement
which permitted appellees to elect not to go forward with the Settlement Agreement. Murray v. Crest
Const., Inc., 900 S.W.2d 342, 344 (Tex. 1995). We disagree.
If a settlement agreement is breached by one of the parties, the other party may treat the agreement as
repudiated and claim rights either under the settlement or the underlying cause of action. Shaw, 879 S.W.
2d at 247. An anticipatory repudiation of a contract may consist of either words or actions by a party to a
contract which indicate an intention that he or she is not going to perform the contract according to its
terms in the future. Builders Sand, Inc. v. Turtur, 678 S.W.2d 115, 120 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.]
1984, no writ). The intention to abandon a contract must be expressed in positive and unconditional
terms. Pollack v. Pollack, 39 S.W.2d 853, 856–57 (Tex. Comm’n App. 1931, holding approved).
A party claiming anticipatory breach of a contract must establish the following three elements: (1) a party to
a contract has absolutely repudiated the obligation; (2) without just excuse; and (3) the other party is
damaged as a result. Id. at 855; Hauglum v. Durst, 769 S.W.2d 646, 651 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 1989,
no writ). Appellees’ claim of anticipatory repudiation falls short on each element; however, we need only
address the first.
We conclude that no party to the Settlement Agreement absolutely repudiated an obligation under the
Settlement Agreement when appellant forwarded Medley’s January 22, 2008 letter to appellees’ attorney.
The January 22, 2008 letter from Medley cannot represent an absolute repudiation by a party as neither
Stephen Dennis nor Kandis Renee Garrett Dennis, Medley’s clients, were parties to the Settlement
Agreement. See Willis v. Donnelly, 199 S.W.3d 262, 271 (Tex. 2006) (holding that shareholder of
corporate defendant was not a party to agreement as he had no duties under the agreement and refused
to sign the agreement); see also Haddad v. Bagwell, 317 S.W.2d 781, 786 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 1958, writ
ref’d n.r.e.) (holding architects were not parties to contract at issue in litigation even though the parties to
the contract agreed architects would do certain things).
Appellees attempt to avoid this simple fact by arguing appellant’s forwarding Medley’s letter to appellees’
attorney constituted a material breach of a contractual duty to obtain a signature from the Dennis parties.
Appellees’ argument is not persuasive. Even if we were to accept appellees’ contention that appellant
alone had the contractual duty to obtain the Dennis parties’ signatures on documents dismissing the
LaBella-Dennis litigation, the fact appellant’s attorney forwarded, without comment, a copy of Medley’s
letter to appellees, is insufficient to constitute a distinct and absolute refusal to perform the Settlement
Agreement by appellant. See McKenzie v. Farr, 541 S.W.2d 879, 882 (Tex. App.—Beaumont 1976, writ ref’
d n.r.e.) (holding that a party not in default will be justified in treating the contract as repudiated or
abandoned only where the other party to the agreement by his conduct or misconduct, clearly shows a
fixed intention during nonperformance to repudiate the agreement and not to comply with its terms in the
future). The undisputed evidence also demonstrates that appellant continued his efforts to obtain the
Dennis parties’ approval of the dismissal of the LaBella-Dennis litigation and attempted to deliver the
executed LaBella-Dennis settlement documents two days later on January 24, 2008, which appellees would
not accept. Therefore, we hold that (1) appellant did not repudiate or breach the Settlement Agreement as
a result of Medley’s initial refusal to execute the LaBalla-Dennis dismissal documents, and (2) the
Settlement Agreement was an enforceable contract between appellant and appellees.
C. Did appellees breach the Settlement Agreement?
Finally, the undisputed evidence establishes appellees materially breached the Settlement Agreement
when they rejected the delivery of the LaBella-Dennis dismissal documents and refused to pay appellant
the required $100,000.00 settlement amount. Therefore, we sustain appellant’s third, fourth, and fifth
issues on appeal.[4]
Conclusion
Having sustained appellant’s third, fourth, and fifth issues, we reverse the judgment of the trial court and
render judgment that (1) the Settlement Agreement was enforceable; (2) appellees breached the
Settlement Agreement when they refused to perform their obligation to pay appellant $100,000.00; and (3)
appellant recover $100,000.00 from appellees. We remand to the trial court for further proceedings to
determine appellant’s entitlement to prejudgment interest and the calculation of the amount of prejudgment
interest to be awarded, if
any.
/s/ John S. Anderson
Justice
Panel consists of Chief Justice Hedges and Justices Anderson, and Boyce.
[1] This clause refers to a separate, unrelated lawsuit. Stephen Dennis testified during the jury trial of this
lawsuit as a witness for appellant.
[2] The Supreme Court held that forfeiture of an attorney’s fee is an appropriate remedy when an attorney
breaches his fiduciary duty to a client even in the absence of actual damages. Burrow v. Arce, 997 S.W.2d
229, 240 (Tex. 1999).
[3] We address appellant’s issues on the enforceability of the Settlement Agreement first because
appellant, when faced with appellees’ refusal to pay appellant the required $100,000.00, filed a motion
seeking to enforce the Settlement Agreement rather than rescinding it and seeking a judgment based on
the jury’s verdict. Having made that election, appellant cannot now, on appeal, ignore that election and
attempt to pursue his underlying breach of fiduciary duty cause of action. See Hanks v. GAB Bus. Servs.,
Inc., 644 S.W.2d 707, 708 (Tex. 1980) (holding that a non-breaching party must decide whether to rescind
the contract or seek to enforce it when the material breach occurred rather than waiting until after trial to
decide, and stating that a non-breaching party waives its right to rescind a contract based on the other
party’s material breach by (1) treating the contract as still in effect following the material breach, and (2)
filing suit to enforce the contract); Bumb v. InterComp Technologies, L.L.C., 64 S.W.3d 123, 125 (Tex. App.
—Houston [14th Dist.] 2001, pet. denied) (holding that a nonrepudiating party must either treat a
repudiation of a contract as a breach or ignore it and wait for the time of performance, it cannot do both).
[4] Because we have sustained appellant’s third, fourth, and fifth issues, we need not address his first
three issues addressing his breach of fiduciary duty cause of action. Tex. R. App. P. 47.1.