Texas Judiciary Online - HTML Opinion

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Opinion issued May 31,=20 2007

In The

Court of=20 Appeals

For=20 The

First=20 District of Texas

NO. = 01-05-00670-CV

PYE'S = AUTO SALES,=20 INC. AND SIDNEY T. PYE III,

A/K/A = SIDNEY PYE,=20 Appellants

GULF = STATES FINANCE=20 COMPANY, Appellee

On = Appeal from the=20 151st District Court

Harris = County,=20 Texas

Trial = Court Cause=20 No. 2003-49589

MEMORANDUM OPINION=20 ON REHEARING

We grant appellant's motion for = rehearing, vacate our May 25, 2006 judgment, withdraw our May 25, = 2006=20 opinion, and issue this opinion in its place. =

Appellants, = Pye's Auto=20 Sales, Inc. ("Pye's Auto") and Sidney T. Pye III, appeal from the = judgment=20 of the trial court for appellee, Gulf States Finance Company = ("Gulf=20 States"). Appellants present four issues on appeal. They argue = that the=20 trial court erred (1) in rendering its judgment against Sidney Pye = III in=20 his individual capacity because the evidence is legally = insufficient to=20 show that Pye's Auto was used for the purpose of committing actual = fraud=20 for his direct personal benefit; (2) in rendering judgment against = Pye's=20 Auto because the evidence is legally insufficient to show that = Sidney Pye=20 IV had actual or apparent authority to sign agreements on its = behalf, or=20 alternatively, (3) in rendering judgment against Pye's Auto = because the=20 evidence is legally insufficient to show that Pye's Auto ratified = the=20 contract with Gulf States; and (4) in rendering a defective, = ambiguous=20 judgment, thus making it unduly difficult to determine the = pecuniary=20 obligations imposed by it.

We affirm the judgment. =

BACKGROUND

Pye's Auto = entered into=20 an agreement with Gulf States that the latter would finance a line = of=20 credit for Pye's Auto's customers who wished to purchase an = automobile. In=20 the event that a vehicle had to be repossessed, the contract = required that=20 Pye's Auto would be obligated to pay Gulf States "the full amount = charged=20 by [Pye's Auto] to the applicable [customer] for any extended = warranty,=20 mechanical breakdown or comparable program and the unearned = portion of any=20 credit insurance that relates to the particular Contract." The = agreement=20 was signed by Sidney Pye IV individually, appellant's = son.

Gulf States filed suit alleging = that=20 Pye's Auto had breached the contract after Pye's Auto refused to = pay the=20 amount Gulf States alleged Pye's Auto owed for various extended = service=20 contracts on repossessed vehicles. Gulf States requested that the = trial=20 court order Pye's Auto and Sidney Pye III to pay $268,056.92 for = the=20 extended service contracts and $8,617.88 for tax, title, and = license fees=20 that Gulf States had paid on the vehicles. It further asked the = trial=20 court to pierce Pye's Auto's corporate veil and to hold Sidney Pye = III=20 individually liable under the "alter ego theory," arguing that = there was=20 true unity of identity between Pye's Auto and Sidney Pye III. = Appellants'=20 reply contended that Sidney Pye III, individually, was a stranger = to the=20 transaction and therefore could not be held liable in his = individual=20 capacity because (1) he was unaware of and did not sign the = contract=20 between Pye's Auto and Gulf States and (2) when he was made aware = "that=20 there was money running through [his] account from Gulf States," = he called=20 them and told them to stop depositing money into Pye's Auto's=20 account.

During the bench trial, the = court=20 admitted 150 plaintiff's exhibits into evidence. These exhibits = included=20 consumer credit disclosures, the dealer agreement, bank = statements, copies=20 of checks, and summaries of credits due and cash withdrawals. In = their=20 request for the reporter's record, appellants did not request = copies of=20 these exhibits. Appellees made a later request for the exhibits, = but=20 apparently withdrew that request. As a result, these exhibits are = not a=20 part of the record on appeal.

The court rendered judgment in = favor of=20 Gulf States, determining that Gulf States was entitled to recover = the sum=20 of $276,674.77, with $172,551.18 of that amount to be recovered = from Pye's=20 Auto and Sidney Pye III jointly and severally and the remaining=20 $104,123.59 to be recovered from Pye's Auto.

DISCUSSION

I. Legal=20 Sufficiency

In their first = three=20 issues, appellants contend that the evidence is legally = insufficient (1)=20 to establish that Pye's Auto was used for the purpose of = committing actual=20 fraud for the benefit of Sidney Pye III, (2) to establish that = Sidney Pye=20 IV was the agent of Pye's Auto, and (3) to establish that Pye's = Auto=20 ratified the contract executed by Sidney Pye IV. In reviewing for = legal=20 sufficiency of the evidence, we must look at all the evidence to = determine=20 "whether the = evidence at=20 trial would enable reasonable and fair-minded people to reach the = verdict=20 under review." City = of Keller=20 v. Wilson, 168 S.W.3d 802, 827 (Tex. 2005). = In this case, we cannot look at = all the=20 evidence because the exhibits are not in the record on appeal. =

A. Partial Record on=20 Appeal

Texas = appellate=20 procedure traditionally placed the burden on the appellant "to see = that a=20 sufficient record [is] presented to show error requiring = reversal."=20 See Christiansen v. Prezelski, 782 S.W.2d 842, = 843 (Tex.=20 1990) (citing Texas Tex. R. App. P. 50(d) (1986, repealed 1997)). = As a=20 corollary to rule 50(d), courts applied the common-law presumption = that an=20 omission from the record was not only relevant to, but also = supported the=20 judgment on appeal. See id. Current = Rule of=20 Appellate Procedure 34.6(c) avoids the common-law presumption, as = applied=20 in Christiansen = and=20 Schafer v. Conner, 813 S.W.2d 154, 155 (Tex. 1991). =

Rule 34.6(c), entitled "Partial = Reporter's Record," specifies a set of procedures that apply when = "the=20 appellant requests a partial reporter's record," and states in = part as=20 follows:

(1) Effect on Appellate Points = or Issues.=20 If the appellant requests a partial reporter's record, the = appellant must=20 include in the request a statement of the points or issues to be = presented=20 on appeal and will then be limited to those points or = issues.

(2)=20 Other Parties May Designate Additions. Any other party may = designate=20 additional exhibits and portions of the testimony to be included = in the=20 reporter's record.

. . . .

(4) Presumptions. The appellate = court=20 must presume that the partial reporter's record designated by the = parties=20 constitutes the entire record for purposes of reviewing the stated = points=20 or issues.

Tex. R. App. P. 34.6(c)(1)-(2), = (4).=20

A codified presumption--"that = the partial=20 reporter's record . . . constitutes the entire record"--thus = replaces the=20 common law presumption previously applied under former rule 50(d) = provided=20 that the appellant includes in the request to the court reporter = "a=20 statement of the points or issues to be presented on appeal." Tex. = R. App.=20 P. 34.6(c)(1). We apply this presumption of entirety "even if the=20 statement includes a point or issue complaining of the legal or = factual=20 insufficiency or the evidence to support a specific factual = finding=20 identified in that point or issue." Cf. Christiansen, 782 = S.W.2d=20 at 843.

An appellant is not, however, = entitled to=20 the presumption that the record is complete for purposes of appeal = when,=20 as here, the appellant files an incomplete or "partial" record on = appeal,=20 but does not comply with rule 34.6(c)(1) by also stating the = issues or=20 points on which he will appeal. Sandoval v. Comm'n for Lawyer=20 Discipline, 25 S.W.3d 720, 722 (Tex. App.--Houston [14 Dist.] = 2000,=20 pet. denied). To the contrary, we presume that the omitted = portions of the=20 reporter's record support the trial court's judgment. Id. =

B. Consequences for=20 Legal-Sufficiency Challenge

Because the appellate rules = "are designed=20 to further = the=20 resolution of appeals on the merits,"=20 the supreme court has interpreted the rules, "when possible, to = achieve=20 that aim." See Bennett v. Cochran, 96 S.W.3d 227, 229, = 230 (Tex.=20 2002) (holding that filing of statement of points two months late = did not=20 prejudice appellee and was in substantial compliance with = rule);=20 Furr's Supermarkets, Inc. v. Bethune, 53 S.W.3d 375, 377 = (Tex. 2001)=20 (holding that designation of points in notice of appeal was = sufficient to=20 invoke presumption of complete record). As the court cautioned in=20 Bennett, however, "litigants should not view our = relaxation of=20 rules in a particular case as endorsing noncompliance." Though we = must=20 strive to resolve appeals on their merits, "litigants who ignore = [the]=20 rules do so at the risk of forfeiting appellate relief." = Bennett,=20 96 S.W.3d at 230.

In this case, appellants did = not request=20 the exhibits that were admitted into evidence. Therefore, = appellants=20 requested only a partial record. Because appellants did not also = include a=20 statement of points or issues to be presented on appeal, they are = not=20 entitled to the presumption that the record is complete for = purposes of=20 appeal.

We hold = that,=20 because appellants have relied on a partial record without = complying with=20 the requirements of rule 34.6(c)(1), the codified presumption of = rule 34.6(c)(4)--that the record is = complete--does not=20 apply and that we must, therefore, apply the contrary = presumption--that=20 the omitted portions of the record support the trial court's = judgment.=20 Because we must presume that the missing portions of the record = support=20 the judgment, we must also overrule appellants' challenge to the=20 sufficiency of the evidence. See Davis v. Kaufman County, 195 = S.W.3d 847,=20 851 (Tex. App.--Dallas 2006, no pet.); Wheeler v. Greene, = 194=20 S.W.3d 1, 3 (Tex. App.--Tyler 2006, no pet.); Mason v. Our = Lady Star=20 of Sea Catholic Church, 154 S.W.3d 816, 820 (Tex. = App.--Houston [14th=20 Dist.] 2005, no pet.); Sandoval, 25 S.W.3d at 722; = Gardner v.=20 Baker & Botts, L.L.P., 6 S.W.3d 295, 297-98 (Tex. = App.--Houston=20 [1st Dist.] 1999, pet. denied).

We overrule appellants' first = three=20 issues.

II. The=20 Judgment

In their fourth point of error, = appellants contend that the judgment of the trial court contains=20 ambiguities so great as to render it unenforceable and that these = errors=20 are so structural that they cannot be construed as mere clerical = error,=20 thereby precluding correction via judgment nunc pro tunc. = Appellants argue=20 that, because judgment contains conflicting amounts of recovery in = various=20 paragraphs, it is so confusing and ambiguous that it is = unenforceable.=20

The judgment provides in = relevant=20 part:

The Court, after hearing the = evidence and=20 arguments of counsel, is of the opinion that the Plaintiff is = entitled to=20 recover of and from Pye's Auto Sales, Inc. the sum of $276,674.77 = from=20 Pye's Auto Sales, Inc. and $172,551.18 from Sidney T. Pye, = III plus=20 attorney's fees of $7,500.00; accordingly, it is

Ordered, Adjudged, and Decreed = that=20 Plaintiff, Gulf States Finance Company recover of and from Pye's = Auto=20 Sales, Inc. and Sidney T. Pye, III aka Sidney Pye jointly and = severally,=20 the sum of $172,551.18 plus interest at the rate of five percent = from=20 August 29, 2003 (the date this suit was filed) until this date; it = is=20 further

Ordered, Adjudged and Decreed = that=20 Plaintiff, Gulf States Finance Company, recover an additional = $104,123.59=20 from Pye's Auto Sales, Inc. plus interest at the rate of five = percent from=20 August 29, 2003 to this date. This amount is in addition to the = amount=20 ordered in the preceding paragraph; it is further

Ordered, Adjudged and Decreed = that=20 Plaintiff, Gulf States Finance Company, recover from Pye's Auto = Sales,=20 Inc. attorney's fees in the sum of $7,500.00 for services rendered = through=20 the trial of this case . . . .

The first paragraph quoted = above does not=20 contain decretal language. Rather, it is the opinion of the trial = court.=20 Recitations preceding the decretal portion of a judgment are not a = part of=20 the rendered judgment. Ellis v. Mortgage and Trust, Inc., = 751=20 S.W.2d 721, 724 (Tex. App.--Fort Worth 1988, no writ). If there is = a=20 discrepancy between the recitals in the judgment and the decretal = portions=20 of the judgment, the decretal portions control. Alcantar v. = Okla.=20 Nat'l Bank, 47 S.W.3d 815, 823 (Tex. App.--Forth Worth 2001, = no=20 pet.).

In the present case, although = the recital=20 paragraph is ambiguous, the decretal paragraphs are not. The = judgment=20 awards a total recovery from Pye's Auto by Gulf States of = $276,674.77,=20 with Sidney Pye III jointly and severally liable for $172,551.18 = of that=20 amount. In addition, the judgment awards Gulf States $7,500 in = attorney's=20 fees to be recovered from Pye's Auto. These decretal paragraphs = are=20 unambiguous and enforceable.

Appellants also contend that, = by imposing=20 joint and several liability on only a portion of the damages, the = judgment=20 gives validity to their argument that the evidence was = insufficient to=20 pierce the corporate veil. Because we must presume that the = missing record=20 supports the judgment, we reject this argument.

We overrule appellants' fourth = issue.=20

CONCLUSION

We affirm the=20 judgment.

Sam Nuchia

Justice

Panel consists of Chief Justice = Radack=20 and Justices Taft and Nuchia.

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