Cramer v. State Farm Mutual Auto Ins. Co.
(Tex.App.- Houston [1st Dist.] Nov. 6, 2008)(Jennings) (motion to transfer venue)
REVERSE TC JUDGMENT AND REMAND CASE TO TC FOR FURTHER PROCEEDINGS:
Opinion by Justice Jennings  

Rule 87(5) and our holding in Dorchester do not apply here because the Cramers were appealing the
justice court's judgment to the county court, which was to consider the matter de novo. A justice court's
determination of fact or law "is not res judicata and does not constitute the basis for estoppel by
judgment in a proceeding in a county court." Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 31.005 (Vernon
2008). Appeals from justice courts, unlike other appeals, are tried de novo. Tex. R. Civ. P. 574b. In a
trial de novo, the county court is not bound by the justice court's decisions on the merits. Villalon v. Bank
One, 176 S.W.3d 66, 69-70 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 2004, pet. denied). A county court must
independently decide the case on appeal; it cannot "affirm or reverse the judgment of the justice court
nor can it remand the cause to the justice court." Id. Thus, when a justice court's judgment is appealed,
the parties must proceed as though the judgment of the justice court had not been rendered. Id.; see
also Moore v. Jordan, 65 Tex. 395, 395 (1886). Moreover, the Texas Rules of Civil Procedure provide
separate, although partially overlapping, rules for a motion to transfer venue filed in a justice court.
Compare Tex. R. Civ. P. 527-32 with Tex. R. Civ. P. 86.

Accordingly, we hold that the county court erred in denying the Cramers' motion to transfer venue and refusing
to transfer the case from McLennan County to Dallas County.

Before Justices Jennings, Hanks and Bland)
01-08-00270-CV  Daniel Cramer and Saejin Cramer v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company
Appeal from County Court at Law No 1 of McLennan County
Trial Court Judge: Hon. Mike Freeman

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Appellants, Daniel and Saejin Cramer, challenge the trial court's default judgment entered against them in favor
of appellee, State Farm Mutual Insurance Company ("State Farm"), (1) in State Farm's suit for damages based
on a double payment made to the Cramers on an insurance claim. In their sole issue, the Cramers contend that
the trial court erred in denying their motion to transfer venue.

We reverse and remand.

Procedural Background

On March 20, 2007, State Farm filed suit against the Cramers in McLennan County's Justice of the Peace Court,
Precinct 1, Place 2, to recover a double payment of $3,148.65 that State Farm mistakenly paid to the Cramers.
The Cramers filed a motion to transfer venue from McLennan County to Dallas County, which the justice court
denied. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 527. After the justice court entered judgment in State Farm's favor, the Cramers
appealed the justice court's judgment to County Court at Law No. 1 in McLennan County.

In the county court, the Cramers again filed a motion to transfer venue from McLennan County to Dallas County.
The Cramers attached to their motion their affidavits. In his affidavit, Daniel Cramer testified that he lived in
Dallas County and that "the events giving rise to this claim occurred in Dallas County." In her affidavit, Saejin
Cramer testified that she lived in Tarrant County and that "the events giving rise to this claim occurred in Dallas
County." In its reply to the motion, State Farm argued that the Cramers could not file a motion to transfer venue
in the county court because they had previously filed a motion to transfer venue in the justice court.

At the county court's hearing on the Cramers' motion to transfer venue, State Farm specifically argued,

I can't find any cases in the State of Texas that allow Defendants to have two shots at a Motion to Transfer
Venue. Even though it is de novo, I think that the venue issue has already been litigated. It's already been
decided. They had their one bite at the apple. The rules are pretty clear. Rule 87(5) states that you basically get
one shot at venue. They have had their shot.

The Cramers responded that Texas Rule of Civil Procedure 87(5) did not apply because their appeal of the
justice court's judgment was to be considered de novo. Moreover, the Cramers contended that State Farm had
neither established that venue was proper in McLennan County nor controverted the Cramers' venue facts.

At the conclusion of the hearing, the county court denied the Cramers' motion, stating:

The Court has determined that the defendant had previously filed a Motion to Transfer Venue in the Justice of
the Peace Court, Precinct 1, Place 2, which had previously been denied. After reviewing the pleadings on file
and hearing the arguments of counsel, this Court has determined that the Defendant's Amended Motion to
Transfer Venue should be denied.

On February 27, 2008, after the Cramers did not appear for trial, the trial court signed a default judgment in
favor of State Farm.

Motion to Transfer Venue

In their sole issue, the Cramers argue that the county court erred in denying their motion to transfer venue
because the Cramers do not live in McLennan County, none of the underlying events took place in McLennan
County, State Farm did not deny the venue facts supporting venue in Dallas County, State Farm did not file an
affidavit establishing venue in McLennan County, and the county court--disregarding clear precedent from the
Supreme Court of Texas--erroneously concluded that the Cramers could not file a motion to transfer venue in
the county court.

We conduct a de novo review of the entire record in order to determine whether venue was proper. Tex. Civ.
Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 15.064(b) (Vernon 2002); Wilson v. Tex. Parks & Wildlife Dep't, 886 S.W.2d 259, 261-
62 (Tex. 1994). If there is any probative evidence in the record that venue was proper, we must uphold a trial
court's determination on the matter of venue. Bonham State Bank v. Beadle, 907 S.W.2d 465, 471 (Tex. 1995).

A plaintiff chooses venue by deciding where to file a lawsuit. In re Team Rocket, 256 S.W.3d 257, 259 (Tex.
2008). When a defendant challenges the plaintiff's choice of venue, the plaintiff has the burden to present prima
facie proof that venue is maintainable in the county of suit. Tex. R. Civ. P. 87(2)(a), 3(a). Venue facts are
proven through pleadings, joint stipulations, and affidavits. Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 15.064 (Vernon
2002); Tex. R. Civ. P. 87(3)(a). If the plaintiff proves venue facts that support venue, the trial court must
maintain the lawsuit in the county where it was filed unless the motion to transfer is based on "grounds that an
impartial trial cannot be had in the county where the action is pending as provided in Rules 257-259 or on an
established ground of mandatory venue." Tex. R. Civ. P. 87(3)(c). However, if the plaintiff does not meet this
burden, the trial court "shall transfer an action to another county of proper venue." Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code
Ann. § 15.063 (Vernon 2002) (emphasis added). The only remedy available to challenge a venue ruling is to
"appeal any judgment from that court on the basis of the alleged error in the venue ruling." Team Rocket, 256
S.W.3d at 261 (citing Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 15.064(b)).

Here, the Cramers challenged venue in McLennan County and established, by their affidavits, that venue is
proper in Dallas County because "all actions underlying this case occurred in Dallas County and [one of the
defendants] lives in Dallas County." See Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 15.002 (Vernon 2002) ("[A]ll
lawsuits shall be brought . . . in the county in which all or a substantial part of the events or omissions giving rise
to the claim occurred . . . [or] in the county of defendant's residence."). At no point in the county court
proceedings did State Farm show that venue was proper in McLennan County. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 87(2)(a) ("A
party who seeks to maintain venue of the action in a particular county . . . has the burden to make proof . . . that
venue is maintainable in the county of suit.").

Rather than present the county court with facts supporting venue in McLennan County, State Farm argued that
the Cramers' motion to transfer venue should be denied because they had already filed a motion to transfer
venue in the justice court. In support of its argument, State Farm relied on Rule 87(5) as applied by this court in
Dorchester Master Ltd. P'ship v. Anthony, 734 S.W.2d 151, 152 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st Dist.] 1987, no pet.).
Rule 87(5) provides:

Motion for Rehearing. If venue has been sustained as against a motion to transfer, or if an action has been
transferred to a proper county in response to a motion to transfer, then no further motions to transfer shall be
considered regardless of whether the movant was a party to the prior proceedings or was added as a party
subsequent to the venue proceedings, unless the motion to transfer is based on the grounds that an impartial
trial cannot be had under Rules 257-259 or on the ground of mandatory venue, provided that such claim was
not available to the other movant or movants.

Tex. R. Civ. P. 87(5) (emphasis added); see Team Rocket, 256 S.W.3d at 260 (stating that plaintiffs may not
relitigate venue determination by nonsuiting and refiling because decision on the merits binds parties even if
case is nonsuited and refiled).

Rule 87(5) and our holding in Dorchester do not apply here because the Cramers were appealing the justice
court's judgment to the county court, which was to consider the matter de novo. A justice court's determination
of fact or law "is not res judicata and does not constitute the basis for estoppel by judgment in a proceeding in a
county court." Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code Ann. § 31.005 (Vernon 2008). Appeals from justice courts, unlike
other appeals, are tried de novo. Tex. R. Civ. P. 574b. In a trial de novo, the county court is not bound by the
justice court's decisions on the merits. Villalon v. Bank One, 176 S.W.3d 66, 69-70 (Tex. App.--Houston [1st
Dist.] 2004, pet. denied). A county court must independently decide the case on appeal; it cannot "affirm or
reverse the judgment of the justice court nor can it remand the cause to the justice court." Id. Thus, when a
justice court's judgment is appealed, the parties must proceed as though the judgment of the justice court had
not been rendered. Id.; see also Moore v. Jordan, 65 Tex. 395, 395 (1886). Moreover, the Texas Rules of Civil
Procedure provide separate, although partially overlapping, rules for a motion to transfer venue filed in a justice
court. Compare Tex. R. Civ. P. 527-32 with Tex. R. Civ. P. 86.

Accordingly, we hold that the county court erred in denying the Cramers' motion to transfer venue and refusing
to transfer the case from McLennan County to Dallas County.

Conclusion

We reverse the judgment of the county court and remand this case to the county court to issue an order
transferring this case from McLennan County to Dallas County.

Terry Jennings

Justice


Panel consists of Justices Jennings, Hanks, and Bland.

1. State Farm has not filed a brief in this case.